【脚本语言系列】关于PythonGUI界面PyQT,你需要知道的事

如何使用PyQT

创建窗口 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow): def __init__(self): QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 组件 * 标签

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow): def __init__(self): QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) label = QtGui.QLabel('PyQt\nLabel') label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter) self.setCentralWidget(label) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 布局组件和空白项

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() hboxlayout1 = QtGui.QHBoxLayout() hboxlayout2 = QtGui.QHBoxLayout() vboxlayout1 = QtGui.QVBoxLayout() vboxlayout2 = QtGui.QVBoxLayout() label1 = QtGui.QLabel('Label1', self) label1.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter) label2 = QtGui.QLabel('Label2') label3 = QtGui.QLabel('Label3') label4 = QtGui.QLabel('Label4') label5 = QtGui.QLabel('Label5') hboxlayout1.addWidget(label1) vboxlayout1.addWidget(label2) vboxlayout1.addWidget(label3) vboxlayout2.addWidget(label4) vboxlayout2.addWidget(label5) hboxlayout2.addLayout(vboxlayout1) hboxlayout2.addLayout(vboxlayout2) gridlayout.addLayout(hboxlayout1, 0, 0) gridlayout.addLayout(hboxlayout2, 1, 0) gridlayout.setRowMinimumHeight(1, 180) self.setLayout(gridlayout) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() spacer1 = QtGui.QSpacerItem(300, 40) spacer2 = QtGui.QSpacerItem(300, 40) label = QtGui.QLabel('Label', self) label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter) gridlayout.addItem(spacer1, 0, 0) gridlayout.addWidget(label, 1, 0) gridlayout.addItem(spacer2, 2, 0) self.setLayout(gridlayout) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 按钮

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() button1 = QtGui.QPushButton("Button1") gridlayout.addWidget(button1, 1, 1, 1, 3) button2 = QtGui.QPushButton('Button2') button2.setFlat(True) gridlayout.addWidget(button2, 2, 2) self.setLayout(gridlayout) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 信号和插槽

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() self.button1 = QtGui.QPushButton("Button1") gridlayout.addWidget(self.button1, 1, 1, 1, 3) self.button2 = QtGui.QPushButton('Button2') # self.button2.setFlat(True) gridlayout.addWidget(self.button2, 2, 2) self.setLayout(gridlayout) self.connect(self.button1, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton1) self.connect(self.button2, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton2) def OnButton1(self): self.button1.setText('clicked') def OnButton2(self): self.button2.setText('clicked') app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 文本框 * 单行文本框

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() label1 = QtGui.QLabel('Normal Lineedit') label1.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter) gridlayout.addWidget(label1, 0, 0) edit1 = QtGui.QLineEdit() gridlayout.addWidget(edit1, 1, 0) label2 = QtGui.QLabel('Password') label2.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter) gridlayout.addWidget(label2, 2, 0) edit2 = QtGui.QLineEdit() edit2.setEchoMode(QtGui.QLineEdit.Password) gridlayout.addWidget(edit2, 3, 0) self.setLayout(gridlayout) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 多行文本框

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() label = QtGui.QLabel('TextEdit') label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter) gridlayout.addWidget(label, 0, 0) edit = QtGui.QTextEdit() edit.setText('Python\nPyQt') gridlayout.addWidget(edit, 1, 0) self.setLayout(gridlayout) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 单选框和复选框

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() self.label1 = QtGui.QLabel('Label1') self.label2 = QtGui.QLabel('Label2') gridlayout.addWidget(self.label1, 1, 2) gridlayout.addWidget(self.label2, 2, 2) self.radio1 = QtGui.QRadioButton('Radio1') self.radio2 = QtGui.QRadioButton('Radio2') self.radio3 = QtGui.QRadioButton('Radio3') self.radio1.setChecked(True) gridlayout.addWidget(self.radio1, 1, 1) gridlayout.addWidget(self.radio2, 2, 1) gridlayout.addWidget(self.radio3, 3, 1) self.check = QtGui.QCheckBox('check') self.check.setChecked(True) gridlayout.addWidget(self.check, 3, 2) self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('Test') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button, 4, 1, 1,2) self.setLayout(gridlayout) self.connect(self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton) def OnButton(self): if self.radio1.isChecked(): self.radio1.setText('Radio1') elif self.radio2.isChecked(): self.radio1.setText('Radio2') else: self.label1.setText('Radio3') if self.check.isChecked(): self.label2.setText('checked') else: self.label2.SetText('uncheck') app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 菜单 * 创建菜单

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow): def __init__(self): QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) menubar = self.menuBar() file = menubar.addMenu('&File') file.addAction('Open') file.addAction('Save') file.addSeparator() file.addAction('Close') edit = menubar.addMenu('&Edit') edit.addAction('Copy') edit.addAction('Paste') edit.addAction('Cut') edit.addAction('SelectAll') help = menubar.addMenu('&Help') help.addAction('About') app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 菜单事件

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow): def __init__(self): QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) self.label = QtGui.QLabel('Menu Action') self.label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter) self.setCentralWidget(self.label) menubar = self.menuBar() self.file = menubar.addMenu('&File') open = self.file.addAction('Open') self.connect(open, QtCore.SIGNAL('triggered()'),self.OnOpen) save = self.file.addAction('Save') self.connect(save, QtCore.SIGNAL('triggered()'), self.OnSave) self.file.addSeparator() close = self.file.addAction('Close') self.connect(close, QtCore.SIGNAL('triggered()'),self.OnClose) def OnOpen(self): self.label.setText('Menu Action: Open') def OnSave(self): self.label.setText('Menu Action: Save') def OnClose(self): self.close() def contextMenuEvent(self, event): self.file.exec_(event.globalPos()) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

对话框 消息框和标准对话框 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() self.label = QtGui.QLabel('MessBox example') gridlayout.addWidget(self.label, 1, 3, 1, 3) self.button1 = QtGui.QPushButton('About') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button1, 2, 1) self.button2 = QtGui.QPushButton('AboutQt') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button2, 2, 2) self.button3 = QtGui.QPushButton('Critical') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button3, 2, 3) self.button4 = QtGui.QPushButton('About') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button4, 2, 4) self.button5 = QtGui.QPushButton('AboutQt') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button5, 2, 5) self.button6 = QtGui.QPushButton('Critical') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button6, 2, 6) spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem(200, 80) gridlayout.addItem(spacer, 3, 1, 1, 5) self.setLayout(gridlayout) self.connect(self.button1, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton1) self.connect(self.button2, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton2) self.connect(self.button3, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton3) self.connect(self.button4, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton4) self.connect(self.button5, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton5) self.connect(self.button6, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton6) def OnButton1(self): self.button1.setText('clicked') QtGui.QMessageBox.about(self, 'PyQt', 'About') def OnButton2(self): self.button2.setText('clicked') QtGui.QMessageBox.aboutQt(self, 'PyQt') def OnButton3(self): self.button3.setText('clicked') r = QtGui.QMessageBox.critical(self, 'PyQt', 'Critical', QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort, QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry, QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore) if r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort: self.label.setText('About') elif r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry: self.label.setText('Retry') else: self.label.setText('Ignore') def OnButton4(self): self.button4.setText('clicked') QtGui.QMessageBox.information(self, 'PyQt', 'Information') def OnButton5(self): self.button5.setText('clicked') r = QtGui.QMessageBox.question(self, 'PyQt', 'Question', QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No, QtGui.QMessageBox.Cancel) def OnButton6(self): self.button6.setText('clicked') r = QtGui.QMessageBox.warning(self, 'PyQt', 'Warning', QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() self.label = QtGui.QLabel('StandardDialog example') gridlayout.addWidget(self.label, 1, 2) self.button1 = QtGui.QPushButton('File') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button1, 2, 1) self.button2 = QtGui.QPushButton('Font') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button2, 2, 2) self.button3 = QtGui.QPushButton('Color') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button3, 2, 3) spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem(200, 80) gridlayout.addItem(spacer, 3, 1, 1, 3) self.setLayout(gridlayout) self.connect(self.button1, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton1) self.connect(self.button2, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton2) self.connect(self.button3, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton3) def OnButton1(self): self.button1.setText('clicked') filename = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open') if not filename.isEmpty(): self.label.setText(filename) def OnButton2(self): self.button2.setText('clicked') font, ok = QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont() if ok: self.label.setText(font.key()) def OnButton3(self): self.button3.setText('clicked') color = QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor() if color.isValid(): self.label.setText(color.name()) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

* 自定义对话框

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class MyDialog(QtGui.QDialog): def __init__(self): QtGui.QDialog.__init__(self) self.gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() self.label = QtGui.QLabel('Input') self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.label, 0, 0) self.edit = QtGui.QLineEdit() self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.edit, 0, 1) self.ok = QtGui.QPushButton('Ok') self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.ok, 1, 0) self.cancel = QtGui.QPushButton('Cancel') self.gridlayout.addWidget(self.cancel, 1, 1) self.setLayout(self.gridlayout) self.connect(self.ok, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnOk) self.connect(self.cancel, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnCancel) def OnOk(self): self.text = self.edit.text() self.done(1) def OnCancel(self): self.done(0) class MyWindow(QtGui.QWidget): def __init__(self): QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self) self.setWindowTitle('PyQt') self.resize(300, 200) gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout() self.button = QtGui.QPushButton('CreateDialog') gridlayout.addWidget(self.button, 1, 1) self.setLayout(gridlayout) self.connect(self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.OnButton) def OnButton(self): dialog = MyDialog() r = dialog.exec_() if r: self.button.setText(dialog.text) app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

什么是PyQT

PyQt是对Qt的封装。Qt是面向对象的图形用户界面库，可以在多个操作系统上使用。 与其他的开源GUI库相比，Qt库显得过于庞大。 另外，Qt虽然是开源GUI库，但是其许可证限制复杂。