第1章 环境安装配置

1.4 CentOS 基本配置

1、修改hosts

vi /etc/hosts

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.80.131 node1 192.168.80.132 node2 192.168.80.133 node3

2、修改主机名

永久修改主机名（需要重启） vi /etc/hostname

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hostname

首先删除主机名默认值localhost.localdomain，然后修改为node1

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hostname node1

修改临时主机名（避免重启）

[root@localhost ~]# hostname node1

这是只要重新打开一个Shell即可看到修改的临时主机名 XShell重新链接node1

即可发现主机名已经和永久主机名相同。

2017-06-29更新 可以通过命令hostnamectl set-hostname 永久修改主机名，无需编辑文件

[root@abc ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node1 [root@abc ~]# hostname node1 [root@abc ~]# cat /etc/hostname node1

3、更换镜像源

1)先安装wget 执行命令 yum install -y wget [root@node1 ~]# yum install -y wget 查询国内镜像源

打开阿里镜像http://mirrors.aliyun.com/

3）下载CentOS 7的repo文件 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo [root@node1 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo --2017-05-07 09:21:28-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 115.28.122.210, 112.124.140.210 Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|115.28.122.210|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2573 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ 100%[==============================================================================>] 2,573 --.-K/s in 0s 2017-05-07 09:21:28 (279 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2573/2573]

2018-08-11更新 如果没有安装wget，可以直接使用curl命令

[root@node1 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 102 2572 102 2572 0 0 499 0 0:00:05 0:00:05 --:--:-- 49461 [root@node1 ~]#

4）更新镜像源

yum clean all：清除缓存

yum makecache：生成缓存

[root@node1 ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base extras updates Cleaning up everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@node1 ~]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 (1/12): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 155 kB 00:00:00 (2/12): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 770 kB 00:00:02 (3/12): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 151 kB 00:00:00 (4/12): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 640 kB 00:00:07 (5/12): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db .......省略

4、关闭防护墙和selinux

执行命令： systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld

[root@node1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@node1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.

补充：CentOS 6 关闭防火墙

[root@node1 ~]# service iptables stop iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] [root@node1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off

执行命令： setenforce 0 vi /etc/selinux/config

[root@node1 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config

修改：SELINUX=disabled

或者使用sed命令直接修改

[root@node1 ~]# sed -i "s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g" /etc/selinux/config

5、安装vim

[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y vim [root@node1 ~]# vi .bashrc # .bashrc # User specific aliases and functions alias rm='rm -i' alias cp='cp -i' alias mv='mv -i' alias vi='vim' # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi [root@node1 ~]# source ~/.bashrc

再次编辑bashrc，会发现vi实际上使用的vim

6、安装SSH

yum install -y openssh-clients

[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y openssh-clients

7、安装JDK

1）首先在宿主机下载好JDK

2）通过Xftp上传JDK到虚拟机

[root@node1 ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg jdk-8u112-linux-x64.tar.gz

将软件包解压缩到/opt目录 tar -zxvf jdk-8u112-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt

[root@node1 ~]# tar -zxvf jdk-8u112-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt [root@node1 ~]# ls /opt/jdk1.8.0_112/ bin COPYRIGHT db include javafx-src.zip jre lib LICENSE man README.html release src.zip THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt

复制jdk的根目录/opt/jdk1.8.0_112，下面配置环境变量将使用到。 编辑环境变量 vi /etc/profile.d/custom.sh

[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/custom.sh [root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/custom.sh #!/bin/bash #java path export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_112 export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin export CLASSPATH=.:$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib

使生效 source /etc/profile.d/custom.sh

[root@node1 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/custom.sh

查看JDK版本

[root@node1 ~]# java -version java version "1.8.0_112" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_112-b15) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.112-b15, mixed mode)