单元测试--Robolectric及代码覆盖率

转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/mr_leixiansheng/article/details/77773149

步骤：

1、添加依赖 

testCompile "org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0" //assertj 依赖 testCompile 'org.assertj:assertj-core:1.7.1' //测试Fragment需要添加的依赖 testCompile "org.robolectric:shadows-support-v4:3.0"2、建立Test类

3、配置Test环境

4、进行单元测试（三步：setUp、test、assert）

编写完后运行

部分代码如下：

1、添加依赖

dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', { exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations' }) compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.1' //安卓自带测试依赖 testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' //robolectric 依赖 testCompile "org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0" //assertj 依赖 testCompile 'org.assertj:assertj-core:1.7.1' //测试Fragment需要添加的依赖 testCompile "org.robolectric:shadows-support-v4:3.0" } android { useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy' }2、编写代码（部分）

package com.leixiansheng.unittest; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.app.AlertDialog; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.CheckBox; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnClickListener{ private Button btnIntent; private Button btnInverse; //点击改变checkBox状态 private Button btnShowDialog; //显示提示框 private Button btnShowToast; private Button sendBroadcast; private CheckBox checkBox; private TextView textView; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); setTitle("test title"); initView(); addClick(); } private void addClick() { btnIntent.setOnClickListener(this); btnInverse.setOnClickListener(this); btnShowToast.setOnClickListener(this); btnShowDialog.setOnClickListener(this); sendBroadcast.setOnClickListener(this); } private void initView() { btnIntent = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_intent); btnInverse = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_inverse); btnShowDialog = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_show_dialog); btnShowToast = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast); checkBox = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.checkbox); textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_view); sendBroadcast = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_send_broadcast); } boolean change = false; @Override public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()) { case R.id.btn_intent: startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class)); break; case R.id.btn_inverse: if (change) { checkBox.setChecked(true); } else { checkBox.setChecked(false); } change = !change; break; case R.id.btn_show_dialog: AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this); builder.setTitle("builder").setMessage("this is a dialog").show(); break; case R.id.btn_toast: Toast.makeText(this, "this is the toast",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; case R.id.btn_send_broadcast: sendBroadcast(new Intent("com.leixiansheng.RECEIVER")); break; } } /** * 加法 */ public int add(int a, int b) { return a+b; } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); textView.setText("onResume"); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); textView.setText("onDestroy"); } } 3、测试环境搭建，编写测试代码

package com.leixiansheng.unittest; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Application; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.app.AlertDialog; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.CheckBox; import android.widget.TextView; import com.leixiansheng.unittest.broadcast.BroadReceiver; import com.leixiansheng.unittest.fragment.SampleFragment; import com.leixiansheng.unittest.intent.FirstActivity; import com.leixiansheng.unittest.intent.SecondActivity; import com.leixiansheng.unittest.intent.ThirdActivity; import com.leixiansheng.unittest.service.SampleService; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Ignore; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.robolectric.Robolectric; import org.robolectric.RobolectricGradleTestRunner; import org.robolectric.RuntimeEnvironment; import org.robolectric.Shadows; import org.robolectric.annotation.Config; import org.robolectric.fakes.RoboSharedPreferences; import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowActivity; import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowAlertDialog; import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowApplication; import org.robolectric.shadows.ShadowToast; import org.robolectric.shadows.support.v4.SupportFragmentTestUtil; import org.robolectric.util.ActivityController; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*; @RunWith(RobolectricGradleTestRunner.class) @Config(constants = BuildConfig.class, sdk = 21) public class MainActivityTest { private MainActivity mainActivity; private SecondActivity secondActivity; private FirstActivity firstActivity; private ThirdActivity thirdActivity; private ActivityController<MainActivity> activityController; private TextView textView; private Button btnInverse; private Button btnIntent; private Button btnToast; private CheckBox checkBox; private Button showDialog; private Button sendBroadcast; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception{ //获取活动实例 mainActivity = Robolectric.setupActivity(MainActivity.class); firstActivity = Robolectric.setupActivity(FirstActivity.class); secondActivity = Robolectric.setupActivity(SecondActivity.class); thirdActivity = Robolectric.setupActivity(ThirdActivity.class); //模拟onCreate onStart activityController = Robolectric.buildActivity(MainActivity.class) .create().start(); Activity activity = activityController.get(); textView = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.text_view); btnInverse = (Button) mainActivity.findViewById(R.id.btn_inverse); checkBox = (CheckBox) mainActivity.findViewById(R.id.checkbox); showDialog = (Button) mainActivity.findViewById(R.id.btn_show_dialog); btnToast = (Button) mainActivity.findViewById(R.id.btn_toast); btnIntent = (Button) firstActivity.findViewById(R.id.btn_intent); sendBroadcast = (Button) mainActivity.findViewById(R.id.btn_send_broadcast); } /** * 创建活动实例 */ @Test public void testActivity() { assertThat(mainActivity).isNotNull(); // assertEquals("test title", mainActivity.getTitle().toString()); assertThat("test title").isEqualTo(mainActivity.getTitle()); } /** * 生命周期 * 只有使用 ActivityController 才能模拟安卓生命周期 */ @Test public void testLifestyle() { // assertEquals("Hello World!",textView.getText().toString()); assertThat(textView.getText().toString()).isEqualTo("Hello World!"); //模拟 onResume activityController.resume(); assertThat(textView.getText().toString()).isEqualTo("onResume"); //模拟 onDestroy activityController.destroy(); assertThat(textView.getText().toString()).isEqualTo("onDestroy"); } /** * 测试跳转 */ @Test public void testMainActivity() { //模拟点击动作 btnIntent.performClick(); //实际结果 ShadowActivity shadowActivity = Shadows.shadowOf(firstActivity); Intent actualIntent = shadowActivity.getNextStartedActivity(); //结果判定 assertThat(actualIntent.getComponent().getClassName()).isEqualTo(secondActivity.getComponentName().getClassName()); } /** * UI 组件状态 */ @Test public void testViewState() { checkBox.setChecked(true); //模拟点击翻转按钮 btnInverse.performClick(); assertThat(!checkBox.isChecked()).isTrue(); btnInverse.performClick(); assertThat(checkBox.isChecked()).isTrue(); } /** * Dialog */ @Test public void testDialog() { showDialog.performClick(); //注意这里的AlertDialog 只支持 android.app 不是support v7 AlertDialog latestAlertDialog = ShadowAlertDialog.getLatestAlertDialog(); assertThat(latestAlertDialog).isNotNull(); assertThat(latestAlertDialog.isShowing()).isTrue(); } /** * 自定义方法测试（加法） */ @Test public void testAdd() { int result = mainActivity.add(10, 30); assertThat(result).isEqualTo(40); } /** * Toast */ @Test public void testToast() { btnToast.performClick(); String toastText = ShadowToast.getTextOfLatestToast(); assertThat(toastText).isEqualTo("this is the toast"); } /** * 访问资源文件 */ @Test public void testResources() { Application application = RuntimeEnvironment.application; String appName = application.getString(R.string.app_name); assertThat(appName).isEqualTo("UnitTest"); } /** * Broadcast */ @Test public void testBroadcast() { sendBroadcast.performClick(); ShadowApplication shadowApplication = ShadowApplication.getInstance(); String action = "com.leixiansheng.RECEIVER"; Intent intent = new Intent(action); intent.putExtra("EXTRA_USERNAME", "xiao ming"); BroadReceiver receiver = new BroadReceiver(); receiver.onReceive(RuntimeEnvironment.application,intent); SharedPreferences preferences = shadowApplication.getSharedPreferences("account", Context.MODE_PRIVATE); System.out.print(preferences.getString("USERNAME","")); //比较结果 assertThat(preferences.getString("USERNAME","")).isEqualTo("xiao ming"); } /** * Service */ @Test public void testService() { Application application = RuntimeEnvironment.application; RoboSharedPreferences preferences = (RoboSharedPreferences) application.getSharedPreferences("example", Context.MODE_PRIVATE); SampleService service = new SampleService(); service.onHandleIntent(new Intent()); assertThat(preferences.getString("SAMPLE_DATA", "")).isEqualTo("sample data"); } /** * fragment */ @Test public void testFragment() { SampleFragment sampleFragment = new SampleFragment(); //此api可以主动添加Fragment到Activity中，因此会触发Fragment的onCreateView() SupportFragmentTestUtil.startFragment(sampleFragment); assertThat(sampleFragment.getView()).isNotNull(); } }

代码覆盖率：

1、测试类右键，选择下图运行方式

2、在执行完后弹出的简略窗口选择导出即可查看详细代码覆盖率