python中%s与%r的区别

xiaoxiao2021-02-28  87

#!/usr/bin/env python3 # encoding: utf-8 ''' %r是repr %s就是str 查看源码看具体区别。 在python的C语言实现版本,获取repr时会调用: static PyObject * string_repr(PyObject *op) { return PyString_Repr(op, 1); } 它调用的PyString_Repr函数代码如下: PyObject * PyString_Repr(PyObject *obj, int smartquotes) { register PyStringObject* op = (PyStringObject*) obj; size_t newsize = 2 + 4 * Py_SIZE(op); PyObject *v; if (newsize > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX || newsize / 4 != Py_SIZE(op)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "string is too large to make repr"); return NULL; } v = PyString_FromStringAndSize((char *)NULL, newsize); if (v == NULL) { return NULL; } else { register Py_ssize_t i; register char c; register char *p; int quote; /* figure out which quote to use; single is preferred */ quote = '\''; if (smartquotes && memchr(op->ob_sval, '\'', Py_SIZE(op)) && !memchr(op->ob_sval, '"', Py_SIZE(op))) quote = '"'; p = PyString_AS_STRING(v); *p++ = quote; for (i = 0; i < Py_SIZE(op); i++) { /* There's at least enough room for a hex escape and a closing quote. */ assert(newsize - (p - PyString_AS_STRING(v)) >= 5); c = op->ob_sval[i]; if (c == quote || c == '\\') *p++ = '\\', *p++ = c; else if (c == '\t') *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 't'; else if (c == '\n') *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'n'; else if (c == '\r') *p++ = '\\', *p++ = 'r'; else if (c < ' ' || c >= 0x7f) { /* For performance, we don't want to call PyOS_snprintf here (extra layers of function call). */ sprintf(p, "\\xx", c & 0xff); p += 4; } else *p++ = c; } assert(newsize - (p - PyString_AS_STRING(v)) >= 1); *p++ = quote; *p = '\0'; if (_PyString_Resize(&v, (p - PyString_AS_STRING(v)))) return NULL; return v; } } 实际上repr对象就是一个string对象,对应python代码repr("a string").__class__返回的<type 'str'>也说明了这一点。 仔细看看源码可以发现,创建repr对象时需要传入string对象,而且repr对象的大小(占用内存空间)是string的4倍,其主要目的就是进行一些字符串格式化,如代码所见,repr将\,",\t等字符格式化成\\,\",\\t等。 简而言之,repr就是对string的一个格式化处理,即,返回的是一个格式化处理过的string(新对象)。 对应你的代码: print "It write: %s." % q print "It write: %r." % q 第一行将打印string对象q,第二行打印被repr处理后的string对象(非q)。 具体的打印显示实现可看源码,函数原型是:static int string_print(PyStringObject *op, FILE *fp, int flags) 上述的解释是字符串的默认实现,当然你也可以使用magic method:__repr__,__str__重载它们 ''' test = """hello,world""" print("this is test1: %s" %test ) # this is test1: hello,world print("this is test2: %r" %test) # this is test2: 'hello,world' print('%r'%'\x27') # 带括号的单引号 "'" print('%s'%'\x27') # 纯单引号 ' class Example(object): __repr__ = lambda cls: '<Demo>(repr)' __str__ = lambda cls: '<Demo>(str)' example = Example() print( '%s'%example) # <Demo>(str) print( '%r'%example) # <Demo>(repr) print('%s, %s'%('one', 'two')) # one, two print('%r, %r'%('one', 'two')) # 'one', 'two'
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