python基础学习(二):数据类型

xiaoxiao2021-02-28  92

1.python常用的数据类型有整形(int),浮点型(float),布尔型(bool),字符串(str)

他们之间可以转化:

>>> a="520"

>>> b=int(a) >>> b 520 >>> b=float(a) >>> b 520.0 >>> c=str(a) >>> c '520' >>> a=5e19 >>> b=str(a) >>> b

'5e+19'

转化时注意问题:

(1)像这种根本无法转换的类型进行转换时会发生错误:

>>> a='lucy' >>> b=int(a); Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>     b=int(a); ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'lucy'

(2)不可跳跃转化

a='5.12' >>> b=int(a) Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#26>", line 1, in <module>     b=int(a) ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '5.12'

字符串‘5.12’只能先转换成float型,再转化为int,如下

>>> a='5.12'

>>> b=float(a) >>> b 5.12

>>> c=int(b) >>> c 5

另外注意科学计数法如 4e13也是属于float

2.获得数据类型type()

>>> a="asdfg" >>> type(a) <class 'str'> >>> type(12.3) <class 'float'>

3.验证某变量是不是某类型isinstance(variable,datatype)

>>> a='asdfg' >>> isinstance(a,str) True >>> isinstance(12.3,float) True >>> isinstance(12.33.int) Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#38>", line 1, in <module>     isinstance(12.33.int) AttributeError: 'float' object has no attribute 'int'

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