ThreadPoolExecutor机制
一、概述
1、ThreadPoolExecutor作为java.util.concurrent包对外提供基础实现，以内部线程池的形式对外提供管理任务执行，线程调度，线程池管理等等服务； 2、Executors方法提供的线程服务，都是通过参数设置来实现不同的线程池机制。 3、先来了解其线程池管理的机制，有助于正确使用，避免错误使用导致严重故障。同时可以根据自己的需求实现自己的线程池
二、核心构造方法讲解
下面是ThreadPoolExecutor最核心的构造方法
Java代码
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler) { if (corePoolSize < 0 || maximumPoolSize <= 0 || maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize || keepAliveTime < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null) throw new NullPointerException(); this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize; this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize; this.workQueue = workQueue; this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime); this.threadFactory = threadFactory; this.handler = handler; }
构造方法参数讲解
参数名作用corePoolSize核心线程池大小maximumPoolSize最大线程池大小keepAliveTime线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间；可以allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)使得核心线程有效时间TimeUnitkeepAliveTime时间单位workQueue阻塞任务队列threadFactory新建线程工厂RejectedExecutionHandler当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时，任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理
重点讲解：
其中比较容易让人误解的是：corePoolSize，maximumPoolSize，workQueue之间关系。 1.当线程池小于corePoolSize时，新提交任务将创建一个新线程执行任务，即使此时线程池中存在空闲线程。 2.当线程池达到corePoolSize时，新提交任务将被放入workQueue中，等待线程池中任务调度执行 3.当workQueue已满，且maximumPoolSize>corePoolSize时，新提交任务会创建新线程执行任务 4.当提交任务数超过maximumPoolSize时，新提交任务由RejectedExecutionHandler处理 5.当线程池中超过corePoolSize线程，空闲时间达到keepAliveTime时，关闭空闲线程 6.当设置allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)时，线程池中corePoolSize线程空闲时间达到keepAliveTime也将关闭
线程管理机制图示：
三、Executors提供的线程池配置方案
1、构造一个固定线程数目的线程池，配置的corePoolSize与maximumPoolSize大小相同，同时使用了一个无界LinkedBlockingQueue存放阻塞任务，因此多余的任务将存在再阻塞队列，不会由RejectedExecutionHandler处理
Java代码
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()); }
2、构造一个缓冲功能的线程池，配置corePoolSize=0，maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE，keepAliveTime=60s,以及一个无容量的阻塞队列 SynchronousQueue，因此任务提交之后，将会创建新的线程执行；线程空闲超过60s将会销毁
Java代码
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() { return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>()); }
3、构造一个只支持一个线程的线程池，配置corePoolSize=maximumPoolSize=1，无界阻塞队列LinkedBlockingQueue；保证任务由一个线程串行执行
Java代码
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() { return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>())); }
4、构造有定时功能的线程池，配置corePoolSize，无界延迟阻塞队列DelayedWorkQueue；有意思的是：maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE，由于DelayedWorkQueue是无界队列，所以这个值是没有意义的
Java代码
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) { return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize); } public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool( int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory); } public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) { super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS, new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory); }
四、定制属于自己的非阻塞线程池
Java代码
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; public class CustomThreadPoolExecutor { private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null; public void init() { pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor( 10, 30, 30, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10), new CustomThreadFactory(), new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler()); } public void destory() { if(pool != null) { pool.shutdownNow(); } } public ExecutorService getCustomThreadPoolExecutor() { return this.pool; } private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); @Override public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); String threadName = CustomThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1); System.out.println(threadName); t.setName(threadName); return t; } } private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler { @Override public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) { System.out.println("error............."); } } public static void main(String[] args) { CustomThreadPoolExecutor exec = new CustomThreadPoolExecutor(); exec.init(); ExecutorService pool = exec.getCustomThreadPoolExecutor(); for(int i=1; i<100; i++) { System.out.println("提交第" + i + "个任务!"); pool.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("running====="); } }); } try { Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
方法中建立一个核心线程数为30个，缓冲队列有10个的线程池。每个线程任务，执行时会先睡眠3秒，保证提交10任务时，线程数目被占用完，再提交30任务时，阻塞队列被占用完，，这样提交第41个任务是，会交给CustomRejectedExecutionHandler 异常处理类来处理。
提交任务的代码如下：
Java代码
public void execute(Runnable command) { if (command == null) throw new NullPointerException(); int c = ctl.get(); if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) { if (addWorker(command, true)) return; c = ctl.get(); } if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) { int recheck = ctl.get(); if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command)) reject(command); else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0) addWorker(null, false); } else if (!addWorker(command, false)) reject(command); }
注意：41以后提交的任务就不能正常处理了，因为，execute中提交到任务队列是用的offer方法，如上面代码，这个方法是非阻塞的，所以就会交给CustomRejectedExecutionHandler 来处理，所以对于大数据量的任务来说，这种线程池，如果不设置队列长度会OOM，设置队列长度，会有任务得不到处理，接下来我们构建一个阻塞的自定义线程池
五、定制属于自己的阻塞线程池
Java代码
package com.tongbanjie.trade.test.commons; import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; public class CustomThreadPoolExecutor { private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null; public void init() { pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor( 1, 3, 30, TimeUnit.MINUTES, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5), new CustomThreadFactory(), new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler()); } public void destory() { if(pool != null) { pool.shutdownNow(); } } public ExecutorService getCustomThreadPoolExecutor() { return this.pool; } private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); @Override public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); String threadName = CustomThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1); System.out.println(threadName); t.setName(threadName); return t; } } private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler { @Override public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) { try { executor.getQueue().put(r); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { CustomThreadPoolExecutor exec = new CustomThreadPoolExecutor(); exec.init(); ExecutorService pool = exec.getCustomThreadPoolExecutor(); for(int i=1; i<100; i++) { System.out.println("提交第" + i + "个任务!"); pool.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(">>>task is running====="); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } try { Thread.sleep(10000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
解释：当提交任务被拒绝时，进入拒绝机制，我们实现拒绝方法，把任务重新用阻塞提交方法put提交，实现阻塞提交任务功能，防止队列过大，OOM，提交被拒绝方法在下面
Java代码
public void execute(Runnable command) { if (command == null) throw new NullPointerException(); int c = ctl.get(); if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) { if (addWorker(command, true)) return; c = ctl.get(); } if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) { int recheck = ctl.get(); if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command)) reject(command); else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0) addWorker(null, false); } else if (!addWorker(command, false)) reject(command); }
总结：
1、用ThreadPoolExecutor自定义线程池，看线程是的用途，如果任务量不大，可以用无界队列，如果任务量非常大，要用有界队列，防止OOM 2、如果任务量很大，还要求每个任务都处理成功，要对提交的任务进行阻塞提交，重写拒绝机制，改为阻塞提交。保证不抛弃一个任务 3、最大线程数一般设为2N+1最好，N是CPU核数 4、核心线程数，看应用，如果是任务，一天跑一次，设置为0，合适，因为跑完就停掉了，如果是常用线程池，看任务量，是保留一个核心还是几个核心线程数 5、如果要获取任务执行结果，用CompletionService，但是注意，获取任务的结果的要重新开一个线程获取，如果在主线程获取，就要等任务都提交后才获取，就会阻塞大量任务结果，队列过大OOM，所以最好异步开个线程获取结果
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