Docker容器学习梳理--SSH方式登陆容器

xiaoxiao2021-02-28  85

 

前面几篇已经介绍了Docker基础环境的部署,下面介绍下通过ssh方式登陆Docker容器的操作记录

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 [root@localhost ~] # docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE centos7             7.3.1611            d5ebea14da54        2 weeks ago         311 MB <none>              <none>              d5c154b612c8        2 weeks ago         311 MB test                latest              ecefde07358f        11 weeks ago        599.6 MB learn /ping          latest              fea07d84b0df        4 months ago        196.7 MB docker.io /tomcat    latest              ebb17717bed4        4 months ago        355.4 MB docker.io /centos    latest              980e0e4c79ec        6 months ago        196.7 MB nginx               1.9                 c8c29d842c09        9 months ago        182.7 MB docker.io /redis     2.8.19              dd9fe7db5236        22 months ago       110.7 MB    [root@localhost ~] # docker run -i -t centos7:7.3.1611 /bin/bash    [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)    [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # yum install wget vim [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo    安装 ssh 服务端 [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # yum cleal all [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # yum install passwd [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # yum install openssh-server    修改容器密码(提前yum -y reinstall cracklib-dicts) [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root    产生公私钥 [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # ssh-keygen -t rsa     //一路回车 [root@a3c8baf6961e /] # cd ~/.ssh/ [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ls id_rsa  id_rsa.pub [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # cp id_rsa.pub  authorized_keys [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ls authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub    执行sshd命令,有报错: [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # /usr/sbin/sshd Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key    解决办法: [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key     //均是一路回车 [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key    再次执行sshd命令,如果没有报错,说明可以启动了 [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # /usr/sbin/sshd [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] #   -----------------------启动 ssh ,如果报错如下(这是centos7下的一个bug)------------------------- [root@a3c8baf6961e . ssh ] # systemctl restart sshd.service Failed to get D-Bus connection: Operation not permitted 这个报错在之前的文档里就已经提到过了 解决办法如下: 先把上面的容器关闭(docker stop container- id ),然后重新启动容器,启动时加上参数--privileged(特权参数,也可以是--privileged= true ,如果启动容器中挂载目录没有权限也可以添加此参数)和 /sbin/init (代替 /bin/bash ),如下: [root@localhost ~] #  docker run --privileged -i -t centos7:7.3.1611 /sbin/init       上面的容器启动后,会一直在卡着的状态中,先不用管,打开另一个终端窗口,查看容器 [root@localhost ~] # docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES af40bd07fa0f        centos7:7.3.1611    "/sbin/init"        28 seconds ago      Up 28 seconds                                 nauseous_shirley   然后按照容器的ID进去,这个时候再根据 /bin/bash 进入容器(前面加 exec -it参数),接着重启 ssh 服务就ok了 [root@localhost ~] # docker exec -it af40bd07fa0f /bin/bash [root@af40bd07fa0f /] # systemctl restart sshd.service [root@af40bd07fa0f /] # echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root    //注意这里由于上述特殊情况重新启动了容器,之前创建的root密码无效了(这就相当于重新另起了一个容器),需要重新修改下root密码!!可以随便创建个用户,然后切换到root,测试下之前创建的root密码是否还有效! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 查看 ssh 端口,发现22端口已经开启 [root@af40bd07fa0f /] # ss -a|grep ssh tcp    LISTEN     0      128     *: ssh                   *:*                    tcp    LISTEN     0      128    ::: ssh                  :::*                    [root@af40bd07fa0f /] # ss -ln|grep 22 u_dgr  UNCONN     0      0         * 26884224              * 26885412           tcp    LISTEN     0      128       *:22                    *:*                  tcp    LISTEN     0      128      :::22                   :::* 

然后docker ps查看下容器,提交更改为新镜像,运行新的镜像

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [root@localhost ~] # docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES af40bd07fa0f        centos7:7.3.1611    "/sbin/init"        21 minutes ago      Up 21 minutes                                 nauseous_shirley   记住这个容器ID,然后关闭 [root@localhost ~] # docker stop af40bd07fa0f af40bd07fa0f 接着提交改为新的镜像,使用上一步的容器ID,提交名为wangssh的镜像(提交成功后,之前创建的容器可以选择删除(docker ps -a 查看);当然不删除也不影响。建议不要删除,可以再次启用提交新的镜像以便他用。) [root@localhost ~] # docker commit af40bd07fa0f wangssh sha256:ca5e393b7605949e58c1067c1bc73d99d52f47107756f0ade1725ca04886fd71 [root@localhost ~] #   提交成功后,使用docker images可以查看到 [root@localhost ~] # docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE wangssh             latest              ca5e393b7605        57 seconds ago      327.1 MB centos7             7.3.1611            d5ebea14da54        2 weeks ago         311 MB   然后运行新的镜像 [root@localhost ~] # docker run -d -p 220:22 wangssh /usr/sbin/sshd -D b0a845a3dedeac7b46002d1c8514077309d88dcc0667b7080bc1ab67d70eb167 docker: Error response from daemon: Cannot start container b0a845a3dedeac7b46002d1c8514077309d88dcc0667b7080bc1ab67d70eb167: [9] System error: SELinux policy denies access.. 如上出现上面的报错,这是由于selinux造成的!需要关闭selinux,如下: [root@localhost ~] # setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~] # getenforce Permissive   然后再次运行新的镜像,就成功了! [root@localhost ~] # docker run -d -p 220:22 wangssh /usr/sbin/sshd -D 0a7c1406361ef52dcc5c32801e4c7c231078594cd7010375ea33fe3024cc9126 [root@localhost ~] # 上面运行命令中的参数解释: -d   后台运行容器 -p   容器端口映射到主机[可选]   使用docker ps 查看运行的容器 [root@localhost ~] # docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND               CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES 0a7c1406361e        wangssh             "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:220->22 /tcp       focused_hawking   此时你可以直接连接容器,也可以通过端口映射连接容器(使用之前创建的容器密码123456登陆) [root@localhost ~] # ssh -p220 root@localhost root@localhost's password: [root@0a7c1406361e ~] #

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 如果要想做ssh无密码登陆的信任关系,只需要将物理机本地的~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub拷贝到容器里的~/.ssh/authorized_keys即可

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 接着上面ID为aea267757cc9的容器登陆后的操作: [root@localhost ~] # docker exec -it aea267757cc9 /bin/bash [root@aea267757cc9 /] # ssh-keygen -t rsa    //一路回车   将物理机本地的~/. ssh /id_rsa .pub拷贝到容器里 [root@localhost ~] # docker cp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub aea267757cc9:/root/.ssh/   然后到容器里将id_rsa.pub拷贝为authorized_keys [root@aea267757cc9 /] # cd ~ [root@aea267757cc9 ~] # cd .ssh/ [root@aea267757cc9 . ssh ] # cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys   接着提交为新镜像 [root@localhost ~] # docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES aea267757cc9        centos7:7.3.1611    "/sbin/init"        About an hour ago   Up 38 minutes                                 admiring_hodgkin fc726a6a27d2        centos              "/bin/bash"         3 months ago        Up 3 months         0.0.0.0:32772->80 /tcp     web1 9d99c7b9451b        centos              "/bin/bash"         3 months ago        Up 3 months         0.0.0.0:32769->8080 /tcp   web3 [root@localhost ~] # docker stop aea267757cc9 aea267757cc9 [root@localhost ~] # docker commit aea267757cc9 hahassh sha256:906bf1bd2a156b1222def7d3d21fbc2cd7e963fc923f5a6da92e6b45954688d9 [root@localhost ~] # setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~] # docker run -d -p 220:22 hahassh /usr/sbin/sshd -D 8b9c153463c73122cfd787a27190a8665f54fe77fa51601d521baab5a9234f2e   最后尝试 ssh 方式连接容器,发现可以无密码登陆了~ [root@localhost ~] # ssh -p220 root@localhost Last login: Mon Mar 13 10:03:54 2017

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 当登陆到容器后,可以查看下容器ip

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 第一种方式: [root@localhost ~] # docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND               CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES b220fabf815a        wangssh             "/usr/sbin/sshd -D"   6 hours ago         Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:20020->22 /tcp     gigantic_goldwasser fc726a6a27d2        980e0e4c79ec        "/bin/bash"           3 months ago        Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:32768->80 /tcp     web1 9d99c7b9451b        980e0e4c79ec        "/bin/bash"           3 months ago        Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:32769->8080 /tcp   web3 [root@localhost ~] # docker inspect b220fabf815a |grep IPAddress              "SecondaryIPAddresses" : null,              "IPAddress" : "172.17.0.2" ,                      "IPAddress" : "172.17.0.2" ,   第二种方式: [root@localhost ~] # docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' b220fabf815a 172.17.0.2   第三种方式: 登陆到容器里使用“yum install net-tools”,安装后就可以使用 ifconfig 命令查看ip了    当知道了容器的ip后,就可以使用 ssh 直接连接容器的22端口即可! [root@localhost ~] # ssh 172.17.0.2 root@172.17.0.2's password: Last login: Tue Mar 14 09:11:27 2017 from 172.17.0.1 [root@b220fabf815a ~] # ***************当你发现自己的才华撑不起野心时,就请安静下来学习吧***************
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