spring-mvc 入门-一个简单的例子

xiaoxiao2021-02-28 59

spring mvc 框架本质上是一个servlet，在深究springmvc 底层实现之前我们先进行一个简单的springmvc入门例子，来带领大家进行一个spring mvc 的初体验。

1.环境搭建

spring mvc 的环境搭建非常简单，首先创建一个web 项目，如果是maven项目，只需要简单地加入spring mvc 和servlet的依赖就可以了（Tomcat8 默认使用的是servlet3.1，Tomcat使用的是servlet3.0）

<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.1.5</version> </dependency>

如果没有使用maven，如果是myeclipse ，那么直接引入spring 框架就可以了。

2.web.xml配置spring mvc

1.在web.xml 中配置spring mvc

<servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

在配置DispatcherServlet 的时候可以设置contextConfigLocation参数来设置spring mvc 的配置文件的位置，默认是使用web-inf下的[servlet-name]-servlet.xml

3.创建springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.home.sd" /> </beans>

如果只想扫描 @controller 的配置如下

<context:component-scan base-package="com.home.sd" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression ="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> </context:component-scan>

4.创建 Controller 和view

1.创建 Controller 类首先在 com.home.sd包下创建一个类 StartController.java

package com.home.sd.controller; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @Controller public class StartController { private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StartController.class); @RequestMapping(value={"/"},method={RequestMethod.POST}) public String head(){ return "index.jsp"; } @RequestMapping(value={"/index","/"},method ={RequestMethod.GET}) public String index(Model model) throws Exception{ logger.info("proccessed by index ======"); model.addAttribute("msg", "hello Spring mvc"); return "index.jsp"; } }

2.创建view index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>首页</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">  </head> <body> 服务器信息 :${msg} </body> </html>

好了，接下来将项目部署到Tomcat上，运行，就会出现以下效果：

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