博主用的实验环境为：
服务器：Linux Redhat 5.5 32位 服务器IP地址：172.23.8.120 Oracle：11g —11.2.0.1 ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
实验过程中所有密码均为：oracle
问题： 1.创建数据库 1.1在Management Server上创建SID名称为PROD3的数据库。 参考：Administrator’s Guide->2 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database->Creating a Database with the CREATE DATABASE Statement
—-官方手册操作步骤：
Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier (SID) Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set Step 3: Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method Step 4: Create the Initialization Parameter File Step 5: (Windows Only) Create an Instance Step 6: Connect to the Instance Step 7: Create a Server Parameter File Step 8: Start the Instance Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement Step 10: Create Additional Tablespaces Step 11: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views Step 12: (Optional) Run Scripts to Install Additional Options Step 13: Back Up the Database. Step 14: (Optional) Enable Automatic Instance Startup实际考试过程中因使用Linux服务器步骤5、步骤12、步骤14 可以不用执行，步骤10因题目未要求创建其他表空间，可暂时不做。以下为实际操作步骤：
Step1. 指定实例标识符（SID）
[oracle@rookie ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD3Step2. 确保设置所需的环境变量
[oracle@rookie ~]$ env |grep ORACLE ORACLE_SID=PROD3 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1Step3. 选择数据库管理员身份验证方法
[oracle@rookie database]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [oracle@rookie dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD3 password=oracle entries=30 [oracle@rookie dbs]$ ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5120 Jul 11 18:09 orapwPROD3Step4. 创建初始化参数文件
认真的同学可直接修改模板内容，添加其他参数，最简单的写法如下：
[oracle@rookie dbs]$ cat initPROD3.ora db_name='PROD3' db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area' db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G参数文件保留了闪回区的配置，方便之后进行数据库备份，如不设置闪回区，备份文件保留位置不能确定，建议保留。
Step6. 连接到实例
[oracle@rookie dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jul 11 18:16:25 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL>Step7. 创建服务器参数文件
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initPROD3.ora'; File created.Step8. 启动实例
SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 150667264 bytes Fixed Size 1335080 bytes Variable Size 92274904 bytes Database Buffers 50331648 bytes Redo Buffers 6725632 bytes SQL>Step9. 发出create database 语句
拷贝官方手册的example到服务器上，注意修改里面的参数为自己的sid和目录，并需要提前创建不存在的文件夹。
[root@rookie u01]# cat createdb.sql CREATE DATABASE prod3 USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/redo/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/redo/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/redo/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/redo/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/redo/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/redo/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/users01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; [root@rookie u01]# su - oracle [oracle@rookie ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod3/redo [oracle@rookie ~]$在oracle命令行运行脚本
SQL> @/u01/createdb.sql Database created.此时查看数据库状态为read write即可
SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE -------------------- READ WRITEStep11. 运行脚本以构建数据字典视图
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql还需要切换到system用户执行脚本：
SQL> alter user system identified by oracle account unlock; User altered. SQL> conn system/oracle Connected. SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql每个包的含义：
catalog.sql 创建许多视图的数据字典表，动态性能视图和公共同义词的视图。 授予PUBLIC访问同义词。 catproc.sql 运行PL / SQL所需的或与PL / SQL一起使用的所有脚本。 utlrp.sql 重新编译处于无效状态的所有PL / SQL模块，包括包，过程和类型。 pupbld.sql SQL * Plus必需。 启用SQL * Plus以禁用用户命令。Step13. 备份数据库
重中之重，这一步必须做，打开归档日志，并进行备份，防止之后的试验中不小心或者被监控老师有意破坏！！！！这是保命的！！
打开归档；
SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 150667264 bytes Fixed Size 1335080 bytes Variable Size 92274904 bytes Database Buffers 50331648 bytes Redo Buffers 6725632 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database archivelog; Database altered. SQL> alter database open; Database altered.备份数据库和归档日志：
[oracle@rookie dbs]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 11 18:50:09 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: PROD3 (DBID=1562257515) RMAN> backup database plus archivelog ; Starting backup at 11-JUL-17 current log archived using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=25 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set ..... ..... ..... channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-JUL-17 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-JUL-17 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/PROD3/backupset/2017_07_11/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20170711T190157_dp9d15z4_.bkp tag=TAG20170711T190157 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 Finished backup at 11-JUL-17