1、系统调用
所有的操作系统都提供多种服务的入口点,程序由此向内核请求服务。
这些可直接进入内核的入口点被称为系统调用。
2、Linux下文件操作的系统调用
(1)open():
#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { int fd = open("test1", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0777); if(fd == -1) { perror("open"); return -1; } printf("fd = %d\n",fd); printf("文件打开成功\n"); close(fd); return 0; }
(2)read():
#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> #define SIZE 1024 int main1() { int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777); if (fd == -1) { perror ("open"); return -1; } char buf[SIZE] = {0}; ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, SIZE-1); if (ret == -1) { perror ("read"); } // 返回值为0 代表读到文件结尾 if (ret == 0) { printf ("文件读取结束\n"); } printf ("len = %d\n", strlen(buf)); printf ("读到 %d 字节: %s\n", ret, buf); return 0; } // 缓冲区覆盖问题 int main2() { int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777); if (fd == -1) { perror ("open"); return -1; } char buf[SIZE] = {0}; while (1) { ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, SIZE-1); if (ret == -1) { perror ("read"); } // 返回值为0 代表读到文件结尾 if (ret == 0) { printf ("文件读取结束\n"); break; } //printf ("len = %d\n", strlen(buf)); // printf ("读到 %d 字节: %s\n", ret, buf); printf ("%s", buf); } return 0; } // 读取数据之前清空缓冲区 int main3() { int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777); if (fd == -1) { perror ("open"); return -1; } char buf[SIZE] = {0}; while (1) { memset (buf, 0, SIZE); // 清空缓冲区 ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, SIZE-1); if (ret == -1) { perror ("read"); } if (ret == 0) { printf ("文件读取结束\n"); break; } printf ("%s", buf); } return 0; } // 每次读完数据之后将下一个字节置为 '\0'; int main4() { int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777); if (fd == -1) { perror ("open"); return -1; } char buf[SIZE] = {0}; while (1) { ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, SIZE-1); if (ret == -1) { perror ("read"); } if (ret == 0) { printf ("文件读取结束\n"); break; } buf[ret] = '\0'; printf ("%s", buf); } return 0; } // 读一个完整的大数据 int main() { int fd = open("BTree.c", O_RDONLY, 0777); if (fd == -1) { perror ("open"); return -1; } char buf[SIZE] = {0}; char *p = buf; int count = SIZE-1; // 每一次要读的数据个数 ssize_t ret = 0; while (ret = read(fd, p, count)) { // 出错 if (ret == -1) { if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) { continue; } break; } printf ("asdasdsadsa\n"); // 读完 if (count == ret) { break; } count -= ret; // 下一次要读的数据 p += ret; } printf ("len = %d\n", strlen(buf)); //printf ("%s\n", buf); return 0; }
(3)write():
#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #define SIZE 1024 int main() { int fd = open("abc", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0777); if (fd == -1) { perror ("open"); return -1; } char buf[SIZE] = {0}; while (1) { fgets (buf, SIZE, stdin); if (strncmp ("end", buf, 3) == 0) break; ssize_t ret = write(fd, buf, strlen(buf)); if (ret == -1) { perror ("write"); } printf ("要写的字节数 :%d, 实际写的字节数: %d\n", SIZE, ret); } close(fd); return 0; } (4)lseek():
#include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #define SIZE 1024 int main() { // 打开要读的文件 int fd = open("abc2", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0777); if (fd == -1) { perror ("open fd1"); return -1; } // 设置这个文件的偏移指针 lseek (fd, 20, SEEK_SET); char *buf = "hello"; write (fd, buf, strlen(buf)); close (fd); return 0; }