一.注册:
BroadcastReceiver注册类型
BroadcastReceiver总体上可以分为两种注册类型:静态注册和动态注册。
1).静态注册: 直接在AndroidManifest.xml文件中进行注册。规则如下:
<receiver android:enabled=["true" | "false"] android:exported=["true" | "false"] android:icon="drawable resource" android:label="string resource" android:name="string" android:permission="string" android:process="string" > . . . </receiver>其中,需要注意的属性 android:exported ——此broadcastReceiver能否接收其他App的发出的广播,这个属性默认值有点意思,其默认值是由receiver中有无intent-filter决定的,如果有intent-filter,默认值为true,否则为false。(同样的,activity/service中的此属性默认值一样遵循此规则)同时,需要注意的是,这个值的设定是以application或者application user id为界的,而非进程为界(一个应用中可能含有多个进程); android:name —— 此broadcastReceiver类名; android:permission ——如果设置,具有相应权限的广播发送方发送的广播才能被此broadcastReceiver所接收; android:process ——broadcastReceiver运行所处的进程。默认为app的进程。可以指定独立的进程(Android四大基本组件都可以通过此属性指定自己的独立进程)
常见的注册形式有:
<receiver android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" /> </intent-filter> </receiver>其中,intent-filter由于指定此广播接收器将用于接收特定的广播类型。本示例中给出的是用于接收网络状态改变或开启启动时系统自身所发出的广播。当此App首次启动时,系统会自动实例化MyBroadcastReceiver,并注册到系统中。
2).动态注册: 动态注册时,无须在AndroidManifest中注册<receiver/>组件。直接在代码中通过调用Context的registerReceiver函数,可以在程序中动态注册BroadcastReceiver。registerReceiver的定义形式如下:
1 registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter) 2 registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, String broadcastPermission, Handler scheduler)典型的写法示例如下:
1 public class MainActivity extends Activity { 2 public static final String BROADCAST_ACTION = "com.example.corn"; 3 private BroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver; 4 5 @Override 6 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 7 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 8 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); 9 10 mBroadcastReceiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver(); 11 IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); 12 intentFilter.addAction(BROADCAST_ACTION); 13 registerReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver, intentFilter); 14 } 15 16 @Override 17 protected void onDestroy() { 18 super.onDestroy(); 19 unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver); 20 } 21 22 }注:Android中所有与观察者模式有关的设计中,一旦涉及到register,必定在相应的时机需要unregister。因此,上例在onDestroy()回到中需要unregisterReceiver(mBroadcastReceiver)。
当此Activity实例化时,会动态将MyBroadcastReceiver注册到系统中。当此Activity销毁时,动态注册的MyBroadcastReceiver将不再接收到相应的广播。