首先附上SpringMVC在web.xml中的基本配置
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml,/WEB-INF/controllers.xml,/WEB-INF/service.xml</param-value> </context-param> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatch</servlet> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name> <servlet-pattern>*.*</servlet-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> 可以看出SpringMVC是基于servlet的，而这个servlet的核心类就是DispatcherServlet，我先给出DispatcherServlet的uml类图分析一个servlet，肯定首要要从它的init方法开始，该方法在HttpServletBean里
@Override public final void init() throws ServletException { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'"); } // Set bean properties from init parameters. try { PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties); BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this); ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext()); bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, this.environment)); initBeanWrapper(bw); bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true); } catch (BeansException ex) { logger.error("Failed to set bean<span></span> properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex); throw ex; } // Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like. initServletBean(); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully"); } } 在这段代码里面，try{}里面的代码负责的是<init-param>配置元素读取！关键的是initServletBean()这个方法，这里的initServletBean()方法在HttpServletBean类中是一个没有任何实现的空方法，它的目的就是留待子类实现自己的初始化逻辑，也就是我们常说的模板方法设计模式，因此这个方法是存在于FrameworkServlet中的
@Override protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException { getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'"); if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) { this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started"); } long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext(); initFrameworkServlet(); } catch (ServletException ex) { this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex); throw ex; } catch (RuntimeException ex) { this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex); throw ex; } if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) { long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms"); } }这个方法里面真正的核心是 this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();这段代码是用来建立容器上下文的 protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() { WebApplicationContext rootContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext()); WebApplicationContext wac = null; if (this.webApplicationContext != null) { wac = this.webApplicationContext; if ((wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)wac; if (!cwac.isActive()) { if (cwac.getParent() == null) { cwac.setParent(rootContext); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac); } } } if (wac == null) { wac = findWebApplicationContext(); } if (wac == null) { wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext); } if (!this.refreshEventReceived) { onRefresh(wac); } if (this.publishContext) { String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName(); getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac); if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) { this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() + "' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]"); } } return wac; }在这里面有一个onRefresh方法，这个方法用来初始化SpringMVC中的各种编程元素，该方法在DispatcherServlet中 @Override protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) { initStrategies(context); } protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) { initMultipartResolver(context); initLocaleResolver(context); initThemeResolver(context); initHandlerMappings(context); initHandlerAdapters(context); initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context); initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context); initViewResolvers(context); initFlashMapManager(context); } initMultipartResolver(context); //文件上传解析，如果请求类型是multipart将通过MultipartResolver进行文件上传解析； initLocaleResolver(context); //本地化解析 initThemeResolver(context); //主题解析 initHandlerMappings(context); //通过HandlerMapping，将请求映射到处理器 initHandlerAdapters(context); //通过HandlerAdapter支持多种类型的处理器 initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context); //如果执行过程中遇到异常将交给HandlerExceptionResolver来解析 initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context); //直接解析请求到视图名 initViewResolvers(context); //通过ViewResolver解析逻辑视图名到具体视图实现 initFlashMapManager(context); //flash映射管理器这是每个方法的作用，在这里我 initHandlerMappings为例，分析一下
private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) { this.handlerMappings = null; if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) { // Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts. Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false); if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) { this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<HandlerMapping>(matchingBeans.values()); // We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order. OrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings); } } else { try { HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class); this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm); } catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) { // Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later. } } // Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering // a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found. if (this.handlerMappings == null) { this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class); if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("No HandlerMappings found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default"); } } } 回顾整个SpringMVC的初始化流程，我们看到，通过HttpServletBean、FrameworkServlet、DispatcherServlet三个不同的类层次，SpringMVC的设计者将三种不同的职责分别抽象，运用模版方法设计模式分别固定在三个类层次中。其中HttpServletBean完成的是<init-param>配置元素的依赖注入，FrameworkServlet完成的是容器上下文的建立，DispatcherServlet完成的是SpringMVC具体编程元素的初始化策略