使用method

xiaoxiao2026-08-16  27

method_missing是Ruby元编程(metaprogramming)常用的手法。基本思想是通过实现调用不存在的方法,以便进行回调。典型的例子是:ActiveRecord的动态查找(dynamic finder)。例如:我们有email属性那么就可以调用User.find_by_email('joe@example.com'),虽然, ActiveRecord::Base并没有一个叫做find_by_email的方法。 respond_to? 并不如method_missing出名,常用在当需要确认一个回馈对象需要确认,以便不会因为没有反馈对象,而导致后面的调用出现错误。 下面是一个应用这两者的例子: [size=large][b]示例[/b][/size] 我们有类Legislator class,现在,想要给它加一个find_by_first_name('John')的动态调用。实现find(:first_name => 'John')的功能。 class Legislator #假设这是一个真实的实现 def find(conditions = {}) end #在本身定义毕竟这是他的方法 def self.method_missing(method_sym, *arguments, &block) # the first argument is a Symbol, so you need to_s it if you want to pattern match if method_sym.to_s =~ /^find_by_(.*)$/ find($1.to_sym => arguments.first) else super end endend 那么这个时候调用 Legislator.respond_to?(:find_by_first_name) 将会提示错误,那么继续 class Legislator # 省略 # It's important to know Object defines respond_to to take two parameters: the method to check, and whether to include private methods # http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Object.html#M000333 def self.respond_to?(method_sym, include_private = false) if method_sym.to_s =~ /^find_by_(.*)$/ true else super end endend 正如代码注释所述respond_to?需要两个参数,如果,你没有提供将会产生ArgumentError。 [size=large][b]相关反射 DRY[/b][/size] 如果我们注意到了这里有重复的代码。我们可以参考ActiveRecord的实现封装在ActiveRecord::DynamicFinderMatch,以便避免在method_missing和respond_to?中重复。 class LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch attr_accessor :attribute def initialize(method_sym) if method_sym.to_s =~ /^find_by_(.*)$/ @attribute = $1.to_sym end end def match? @attribute != nil endendclass Legislator def self.method_missing(method_sym, *arguments, &block) match = LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch.new(method_sym) if match.match? find(match.attribute => arguments.first) else super end end def self.respond_to?(method_sym, include_private = false) if LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch.new(method_sym).match? true else super end endend [b][size=large]缓存 method_missing[/size][/b] 重复多次的method_missing可以考虑缓存。 另外一个我们可以向ActiveRecord 学习的是,当定义method_missing的时候,发送 now-defined方法。如下: class Legislator def self.method_missing(method_sym, *arguments, &block) match = LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch.new(method_sym) if match.match? define_dynamic_finder(method_sym, match.attribute) send(method_sym, arguments.first) else super end end protected def self.define_dynamic_finder(finder, attribute) class_eval <<-RUBY def self.#{finder}(#{attribute}) # def self.find_by_first_name(first_name) find(:#{attribute} => #{attribute}) # find(:first_name => first_name) end # end RUBY endend [b][size=large]测试[/size][/b] 测试部分如下: describe LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch do describe 'find_by_first_name' do before do @match = LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch.new(:find_by_first_name) end it 'should have attribute :first_name' do @match.attribute.should == :first_name end it 'should be a match' do @match.should be_a_match end end describe 'zomg' do before do @match = LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch(:zomg) end it 'should have nil attribute' do @match.attribute.should be_nil end it 'should not be a match' do @match.should_not be_a_match end endend 下面是 RSpec 例子: describe Legislator, 'dynamic find_by_first_name' do it 'should call find(:first_name => first_name)' do Legislator.should_receive(:find).with(:first_name => 'John') Legislator.find_by_first_name('John') endend [size=large][b]Summary[/b][/size] 如果,你打算使用method_missing,那么建议,考虑respond_to?。这将减少代码重复,提示性能。 相关资源:敏捷开发V1.0.pptx
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