1.垂直柱状图：bar

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np #绘制垂直和水平柱状图 #bar, barh #垂直柱状图bar(X,Y) y = [30,53,12,45] #X,0,1,2,3 x = range(len(y)) plt.bar(x,y,facecolor='b',edgecolor='r',width=0.5) plt.show()

width:要设置小于相邻柱状最小间隔，否则柱图会重叠

#width:指两个柱状之间的距离，一般要小于柱距离的最小值 #plt.bar([1980,1988,1995,2000],[1000,2000,3000,4000],width=1)

 

 

2.水平柱状图:barh

#水平柱状图 #plt.barh(x, y, facecolor='b', edgecolor='r', height=0.5) plt.show()

3.同时绘制多组柱状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt data = [[5,25,50,20], [4,34,65,16], [6,24,53,19]] plt.bar(range(4),data[0],width=0.25) plt.bar([x+0.25 for x in range(4)],data[1],width=0.25) plt.bar([x+0.5 for x in range(4)],data[2],width=0.25) plt.show()

 

多组水平柱状图

plt.barh(range(4),data[0],height=0.25) plt.barh([x+0.25 for x in range(4)],data[1],height=0.25) plt.barh([x+0.5 for x in range(4)],data[2],height=0.25) plt.show()

4.叠加柱状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt A = [5,30,45,22] B = [5,25,50,20] ''' X = range(4) plt.bar(X,A,color='b') plt.bar(X,B,color='r',bottom=A) plt.show() '''

 

叠加柱状图的numpy实现

import numpy as np data = np.array([[5,30,45,22], [5,25,50,20], [10,40,50,20]]) color_list = ['b','g','r'] #data.shape[1]:数组列数 X = np.arange(data.shape[1]) for i in range(data.shape[0]): S = np.sum(data[:i],axis=0) print(S) plt.bar(X,data[i],bottom=S,color=color_list[i%len(color_list)]) print("*"*88) plt.show()

 

5.直方图和盒状图：

画法与柱状图类似，不同点在于，柱状图关注坐标值；而直方图更关注分布频率

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np #柱状图：关注X/Y轴值 #直方图hist：关注趋势 hist(data,value) #x轴：data的值 #y轴：data值出现的频率 #盒装图: boxplot(data) data = np.random.randn(100) print(data) print(np.average(data)) fig,(ax1,ax2) =plt.subplots(1,2,figsize=(8,4)) print(fig) ax1.hist(data,100) ax2.boxplot(data) plt.show()