Maven2的主要配置

xiaoxiao2022-06-12  33

什么是pom?  pom作为项目对象模型。通过xml表示maven项目,使用pom.xml来实现。主要描述了项目:包括配置文件;开发者需要遵循的规则,缺陷管理系统,组织和licenses,项目的url,项目的依赖性,以及其他所有的项目相关因素。快速察看:<project><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><!-- The Basics --><groupId>...</groupId><artifactId>...</artifactId><version>...</version><packaging>...</packaging><dependencies>...</dependencies><parent>...</parent><dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement><modules>...</modules><properties>...</properties><!-- Build Settings --><build>...</build><reporting>...</reporting><!-- More Project Information --><name>...</name><description>...</description><url>...</url><inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear><licenses>...</licenses><organization>...</organization><developers>...</developers><contributors>...</contributors><!-- Environment Settings --><issueManagement>...</issueManagement><ciManagement>...</ciManagement><mailingLists>...</mailingLists><scm>...</scm><prerequisites>...</prerequisites><repositories>...</repositories><pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories><distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement><profiles>...</profiles></project>基本内容:  POM包括了所有的项目信息。maven 相关:pom定义了最小的maven2元素,允许groupId,artifactId,version。所有需要的元素groupId:项目或者组织的唯一标志,并且配置时生成的路径也是由此生成,如org.codehaus.mojo生成的相对路径为:/org/codehaus/mojoartifactId: 项目的通用名称version:项目的版本packaging: 打包的机制,如pom, jar, maven-plugin, ejb, war, ear, rar, parclassifier: 分类POM关系:主要为依赖,继承,合成依赖关系:<dependencies>  <dependency>    <groupId>junit</groupId>    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>    <version>4.0</version>    <type>jar</type>    <scope>test</scope>    <optional>true</optional>  </dependency>  ...</dependencies>groupId, artifactId, version:描述了依赖的项目唯一标志可以通过以下方式进行安装:使用以下的命令安装:mvn install:install-file ?Dfile=non-maven-proj.jar ?DgroupId=some.group ?DartifactId=non-maven-proj ?Dversion=1创建自己的库,并配置,使用deploy:deploy-file设置此依赖范围为system,定义一个系统路径。不提倡。type:相应的依赖产品包形式,如jar,warscope:用于限制相应的依赖范围,包括以下的几种变量:compile :默认范围,用于编译provided:类似于编译,但支持你期待jdk或者容器提供,类似于classpathruntime:在执行时,需要使用test:用于test任务时使用system:需要外在提供相应得元素。通过systemPath来取得systemPath: 仅用于范围为system。提供相应的路径optional: 标注可选,当项目自身也是依赖时。用于连续依赖时使用 独占性     外在告诉maven你只包括指定的项目,不包括相关的依赖。此因素主要用于解决版本冲突问题<dependencies>  <dependency>    <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>    <artifactId>maven-embedder</artifactId>    <version>2.0</version>    <exclusions>      <exclusion>        <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>        <artifactId>maven-core</artifactId>      </exclusion>    </exclusions>  </dependency>表示项目maven-embedder需要项目maven-core,但我们不想引用maven-core继承关系  另一个强大的变化,maven带来的是项目继承。主要的设置:定义父项目<project><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId><artifactId>my-parent</artifactId><version>2.0</version><packaging>pom</packaging></project>  packaging 类型,需要pom用于parent和合成多个项目。我们需要增加相应的值给父pom,用于子项目继承。主要的元素如下:依赖型开发者和合作者插件列表报表列表插件执行使用相应的匹配ids插件配置子项目配置<project><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent>  <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>  <artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>  <version>2.0</version>  <relativePath>../my-parent</relativePath></parent><artifactId>my-project</artifactId></project>relativePath可以不需要,但是用于指明parent的目录,用于快速查询。dependencyManagement:用于父项目配置共同的依赖关系,主要配置依赖包相同因素,如版本,scope。合成(或者多个模块)  一个项目有多个模块,也叫做多重模块,或者合成项目。如下的定义:<project><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId><artifactId>my-parent</artifactId><version>2.0</version><modules>  <module>my-project1<module>  <module>my-project2<module></modules></project>build 设置  主要用于编译设置,包括两个主要的元素,build和reportbuild  主要分为两部分,基本元素和扩展元素集合注意:包括项目build和profile build<project><!-- "Project Build" contains more elements than just the BaseBuild set --><build>...</build><profiles>  <profile>    <!-- "Profile Build" contains a subset of "Project Build"s elements -->    <build>...</build>  </profile></profiles></project>基本元素<build><defaultGoal>install</defaultGoal><directory>${basedir}/target</directory><finalName>${artifactId}-${version}</finalName><filters>  <filter>filters/filter1.properties</filter></filters>...</build>defaultGoal: 定义默认的目标或者阶段。如installdirectory: 编译输出的目录finalName: 生成最后的文件的样式filter: 定义过滤,用于替换相应的属性文件,使用maven定义的属性。设置所有placehold的值资源(resources)  你项目中需要指定的资源。如spring配置文件,log4j.properties<project><build>  ...  <resources>    <resource>      <targetPath>META-INF/plexus</targetPath>      <filtering>false</filtering>      <directory>${basedir}/src/main/plexus</directory>      <includes>        <include>configuration.xml</include>      </includes>      <excludes>        <exclude>**/*.properties</exclude>      </excludes>    </resource>  </resources>  <testResources>    ...  </testResources>  ...</build></project>resources: resource的列表,用于包括所有的资源targetPath: 指定目标路径,用于放置资源,用于buildfiltering: 是否替换资源中的属性placeholddirectory: 资源所在的位置includes: 样式,包括那些资源excludes: 排除的资源testResources: 测试资源列表插件在build时,执行的插件,比较有用的部分,如使用jdk 5.0编译等等<project><build>  ...  <plugins>    <plugin>      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>      <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>      <version>2.0</version>      <extensions>false</extensions>      <inherited>true</inherited>      <configuration>        <classifier>test</classifier>      </configuration>      <dependencies>...</dependencies>      <executions>...</executions>    </plugin>  </plugins></build></project>extensions: true or false,是否装载插件扩展。默认falseinherited: true or false,是否此插件配置将会应用于poms,那些继承于此的项目configuration: 指定插件配置dependencies: 插件需要依赖的包executions: 用于配置execution目标,一个插件可以有多个目标。如下:  <plugin>      <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>      <executions>        <execution>          <id>echodir</id>          <goals>            <goal>run</goal>          </goals>          <phase>verify</phase>          <inherited>false</inherited>          <configuration>            <tasks>              <echo>Build Dir: ${project.build.directory}</echo>            </tasks>          </configuration>        </execution>      </executions>    </plugin>说明:id:规定execution 的唯一标志goals: 表示目标phase: 表示阶段,目标将会在什么阶段执行inherited: 和上面的元素一样,设置false maven将会拒绝执行继承给子插件configuration: 表示此执行的配置属性插件管理  pluginManagement:插件管理以同样的方式包括插件元素,用于在特定的项目中配置。所有继承于此项目的子项目都能使用。主要定义插件的共同元素扩展元素集合主要包括以下的元素:Directories用于设置各种目录结构,如下:<build>  <sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>  <scriptSourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>  <testSourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>  <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/classes</outputDirectory>  <testOutputDirectory>${basedir}/target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>  ...</build>Extensions表示需要扩展的插件,必须包括进相应的build路径。<project><build>  ...  <extensions>    <extension>      <groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>      <artifactId>wagon-ftp</artifactId>      <version>1.0-alpha-3</version>    </extension>  </extensions>  ...</build></project>Reporting  用于在site阶段输出报表。特定的maven 插件能输出相应的定制和配置报表。<reporting>  <plugins>    <plugin>      <outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/site</outputDirectory>      <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>      <reportSets>        <reportSet></reportSet>      </reportSets>    </plugin>  </plugins></reporting>Report Sets  用于配置不同的目标,应用于不同的报表<reporting>  <plugins>    <plugin>      ...      <reportSets>        <reportSet>          <id>sunlink</id>          <reports>            <report>javadoc</report>          </reports>          <inherited>true</inherited>          <configuration>            <links>              <link>http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/</link>;            </links>          </configuration>        </reportSet>      </reportSets>    </plugin>  </plugins></reporting>更多的项目信息name:项目除了artifactId外,可以定义多个名称description: 项目描述url: 项目urlinceptionYear:创始年份Licenses<licenses><license>  <name>Apache 2</name>  <url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url>;  <distribution>repo</distribution>  <comments>A business-friendly OSS license</comments></license></licenses>Organization配置组织信息<organization>  <name>Codehaus Mojo</name>  <url>http://mojo.codehaus.org</url>;</organization>Developers配置开发者信息<developers>  <developer>    <id>eric</id>    <name>Eric</name>    <email>eredmond@codehaus.org</email>    <url>http://eric.propellors.net</url>;    <organization>Codehaus</organization>    <organizationUrl>http://mojo.codehaus.org</organizationUrl>;    <roles>      <role>architect</role>      <role>developer</role>    </roles>    <timezone>-6</timezone>    <properties>      <picUrl>http://tinyurl.com/prv4t</picUrl>;    </properties>  </developer></developers>Contributors<contributors>  <contributor>    <name>Noelle</name>    <email>some.name@gmail.com</email>    <url>http://noellemarie.com</url>;    <organization>Noelle Marie</organization>    <organizationUrl>http://noellemarie.com</organizationUrl>;    <roles>      <role>tester</role>    </roles>    <timezone>-5</timezone>    <properties>      <gtalk>some.name@gmail.com</gtalk>    </properties>  </contributor></contributors>环境设置Issue Management  定义相关的bug跟踪系统,如bugzilla,testtrack,clearQuest等<issueManagement>  <system>Bugzilla</system>  <url>http://127.0.0.1/bugzilla</url>;</issueManagement>Continuous Integration Management连续整合管理,基于triggers或者timings<ciManagement>  <system>continuum</system>  <url>http://127.0.0.1:8080/continuum</url>;  <notifiers>    <notifier>      <type>mail</type>      <sendOnError>true</sendOnError>      <sendOnFailure>true</sendOnFailure>      <sendOnSuccess>false</sendOnSuccess>      <sendOnWarning>false</sendOnWarning>      <configuration><address>continuum@127.0.0.1</address></configuration>    </notifier>  </notifiers></ciManagement>Mailing Lists<mailingLists>  <mailingList>    <name>User List</name>    <subscribe>user-subscribe@127.0.0.1</subscribe>    <unsubscribe>user-unsubscribe@127.0.0.1</unsubscribe>    <post>user@127.0.0.1</post>    <archive>http://127.0.0.1/user/</archive>;    <otherArchives>      <otherArchive>http://base.google.com/base/1/127.0.0.1</otherArchive>;    </otherArchives>  </mailingList></mailingLists>SCM软件配置管理,如cvs 和svn<scm>  <connection>scm:svn:http://127.0.0.1/svn/my-project</connection>;  <developerConnection>scm:svn:https://127.0.0.1/svn/my-project</developerConnection>;  <tag>HEAD</tag>  <url>http://127.0.0.1/websvn/my-project</url>;</scm>Repositories配置同setting.xml中的开发库Plugin Repositories配置同 repositoriesDistribution Management用于配置分发管理,配置相应的产品发布信息,主要用于发布,在执行mvn deploy后表示要发布的位置1 配置到文件系统<distributionManagement><repository><id>proficio-repository</id><name>Proficio Repository</name><url>file://${basedir}/target/deploy</url></repository></distributionManagement>2 使用ssh2配置<distributionManagement><repository><id>proficio-repository</id><name>Proficio Repository</name><url>scp://sshserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url></repository></distributionManagement>3 使用sftp配置<distributionManagement><repository><id>proficio-repository</id><name>Proficio Repository</name><url>sftp://ftpserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url></repository></distributionManagement>4 使用外在的ssh配置  编译扩展用于指定使用wagon外在ssh提供,用于提供你的文件到相应的远程服务器。<distributionManagement><repository><id>proficio-repository</id><name>Proficio Repository</name><url>scpexe://sshserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url></repository></distributionManagement><build><extensions><extension><groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId><artifactId>wagon-ssh-external</artifactId><version>1.0-alpha-6</version></extension></extensions></build>5 使用ftp配置<distributionManagement><repository><id>proficio-repository</id><name>Proficio Repository</name><url>ftp://ftpserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url></repository></distributionManagement><build><extensions><extension><groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId><artifactId>wagon-ftp</artifactId><version>1.0-alpha-6</version></extension></extensions></build>repository 对应于你的开发库,用户信息通过settings.xml中的server取得Profiles类似于settings.xml中的profiles,增加了几个元素,如下的样式:<profiles>  <profile>    <id>test</id>    <activation>...</activation>    <build>...</build>    <modules>...</modules>    <repositories>...</repositories>    <pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories>    <dependencies>...</dependencies>    <reporting>...</reporting>    <dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement>    <distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement>  </profile></profiles>

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