一、安装包准备

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

二、安装oracle前准备

1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组

[root@localhost ~]$ su root　　#切换到root [root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall　　#创建用户组oinstall [root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba　　#创建用户组dba [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle　　

#创建oracle用户，并加入到oinstall和dba用户组 [root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle　　

#设置用户oracle的登陆密码，不设置密码，在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆 Changing password for user oracle. New password: 　　# 密码 BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: 　　# 确认密码 passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@localhost ~]# id oracle # 查看新建的oracle用户 uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)

为什么要创建oinstall和dba用户组？

参考：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13

a.oracle 清单组（一般为oinstall): OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”，拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时， OUI 会创建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称（默认为 oinstall）以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。 b.数据库管理员（OSDBA，一般为 dba）: OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务，如创建数据库、启动和关 闭实例。该组的默认名称为dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA 系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系统权限。 c.数据库操作员组（OSOPER，一般为 oper）: OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限，如管理和运行备份。 该组的默认名称为oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组，选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。

2.创建oracle数据库安装目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p  /oracle/data/oracle　　#oracle数据库安装目录 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/data/oraInventory　　#oracle数据库配置文件目录 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/data/database　　#oracle数据库软件包解压目录 [root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/data/oracle　　

#设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户 [root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/data/oraInventory [root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/data/database

3.修改OS系统标识

oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装，Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS要求参考：

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106

我安装是64位数据库，On Linux x86-64：Red Hat Enterprise linux 7 （RHEL 7）

另外，CentOS7.0.1511 基于 RHEL7.2 参考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126283.htm

修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release

[root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release　　 CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release redhat-7

4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包

yum install -y binutils* yum install -y compat-libstdc* yum install -y elfutils-libelf* yum install -y gcc* yum install -y glibc* yum install -y ksh* yum install -y libaio* yum install -y libgcc* yum install -y libstdc* yum install -y make* yum install -y sysstat* yum install libXp* -y yum install -y glibc-kernheaders 

5.关闭防火墙

[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service　　#查看防火墙状态，运行中 [root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service　　#关闭防火墙 [root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service　　#禁止使用防火墙（重启也是禁止的）

6.关闭selinux（需重启生效）

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted

7.修改内核参数

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf # System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf. # To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file # # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小 kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max= 4194304 net.core.wmem_default= 262144 net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

使配置参数生效

[root@localhost /]# sysctl -p

8.对oracle用户设置限制，提高软件运行性能（红色为添加部分）

[sonny@localhost /]$ su root Password: [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf [root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf # /etc/security/limits.conf # #This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM. #It does not affect resource limits of the system services. # #Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory, #which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this #file in case the domain is the same or more specific. #That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here #can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the #subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only #with a user specific setting in the subdirectory. # #Each line describes a limit for a user in the form: # #<domain> <type> <item> <value> # #Where: #<domain> can be: # - a user name # - a group name, with @group syntax # - the wildcard *, for default entry # - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax, # for maxlogin limit # #<type> can have the two values: # - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits # - "hard" for enforcing hard limits # #<item> can be one of the following: # - core - limits the core file size (KB) # - data - max data size (KB) # - fsize - maximum filesize (KB) # - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB) # - nofile - max number of open file descriptors # - rss - max resident set size (KB) # - stack - max stack size (KB) # - cpu - max CPU time (MIN) # - nproc - max number of processes # - as - address space limit (KB) # - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user # - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system # - priority - the priority to run user process with # - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold # - sigpending - max number of pending signals # - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes) # - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19] # - rtprio - max realtime priority # #<domain> <type> <item> <value> # #* soft core 0 #* hard rss 10000 #@student hard nproc 20 #@faculty soft nproc 20 #@faculty hard nproc 50 #ftp hard nproc 0 #@student - maxlogins 4 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 # End of file [root@localhost /]#

9.配置用户的环境变量（红色部分为添加代码）

[root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile [root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle数据库路径 export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle启动数据库实例名 export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安装 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量 export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码 export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置Oracle客户端字符集，必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致，如：ZHS16GBK，否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题 [root@localhost /]#

三、上传包和解压

[oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /oracle/data/database/　　#解压 [oracle@localhost ~]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /oracle/data/database/　　#解压 [root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/data/database/database/

四、进入图形界面

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /oracle/data/database/database/ [oracle@localhost ~]$ ./runInstaller