SQLite CC++接口

在写C/C++程序时，有时候需要用到SQLite，因此SQLite有C/C++的接口API，这篇文章就介绍在C/C++程序中来对我们的数据库进行增删改查的操作

先介绍几个C&C++ / SQLite 的接口程序：

1、sqlite3_open

sqlite3_open(const char *filename, sqlite3 **ppDb)

该接口打开一个指向SQLite数据库文件的连接，返回一个用于其他SQLite程序的数据库连接对象，如果filename参数是NULL或’:memory:’，那么sqlite3_open( )将在RAM中创建一个内存数据库，只在session的有效时间内持续。(session：一般都译成时域。在计算机专业术语中，Session是指一个终端用户与交互系统进行通信的时间间隔，通常指从注册进入系统到注销退出系统之间所经过的时间。以及如果需要的话，可能还有一定的操作空间。)如果文件名 filename 不为 NULL，那么 sqlite3_open() 将使用这个参数值尝试打开数据库文件。如果该名称的文件不存在，sqlite3_open() 将创建一个新的命名为该名称的数据库文件并打开。

2、sqlite3_exec

sqlite3_exec(sqlite3*, const char *sql, sqlite_callback, void *data, char **errmsg)

该例程提供了一个执行 SQL 命令的快捷方式，SQL 命令由 sql 参数提供，可以由多个 SQL 命令组成。在这里，第一个参数 sqlite3 是打开的数据库对象，sqlite_callback 是一个回调，data 作为其第一个参数，errmsg 将被返回用来获取程序生成的任何错误。sqlite3_exec() 程序解析并执行由 sql 参数所给的每个命令，直到字符串结束或者遇到错误为止。

3、sqlite3_close

sqlite3_close(sqlite3*)

该例程关闭之前调用 sqlite3_open() 打开的数据库连接。所有与连接相关的语句都应在连接关闭之前完成。 如果还有查询没有完成，sqlite3_close() 将返回 SQLITE_BUSY 禁止关闭的错误消息。

下面是利用上面的接口来实现我们对数据库的操作例程：

连接数据库 || 创建数据库

#include <stdio.h> #include <sqlite3.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { sqlite3 *db; char *zErrMsg = 0; int rc; rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db); if( rc ){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db)); exit(0); }else{ fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n"); } sqlite3_close(db); }

编译&&运行

[tangyanjun@VM_216_80_centos fun_SQL]$ gcc create.c -lsqlite3 [tangyanjun@VM_216_80_centos fun_SQL]$ ls a.out create.c select.c sqlite3.h table.c test.db [tangyanjun@VM_216_80_centos fun_SQL]$ a.out Opened database successfully

gcc编译的过程中必须要加 -lsqlite3 的链接，不然会报错：

[tangyanjun@VM_216_80_centos fun_SQL]$ gcc create.c /tmp/cciXS4IB.o: In function `main': create.c:(.text+0x24): undefined reference to `sqlite3_open' create.c:(.text+0x39): undefined reference to `sqlite3_errmsg' create.c:(.text+0x92): undefined reference to `sqlite3_close' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

创建表

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sqlite3.h> static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){ int i; for(i=0; i<argc; i++){ printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL"); } printf("\n"); return 0; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { sqlite3 *db; char *zErrMsg = 0; int rc; char *sql; /* Open database */ rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db); if( rc ){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db)); exit(0); }else{ fprintf(stdout, "Opened database successfully\n"); } /* Create SQL statement */ sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY(" \ "ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," \ "NAME TEXT NOT NULL," \ "AGE INT NOT NULL," \ "ADDRESS CHAR(50)," \ "SALARY REAL );"; /* Execute SQL statement */ rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg); if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){ fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg); sqlite3_free(zErrMsg); }else{ fprintf(stdout, "Table created successfully\n"); } sqlite3_close(db); return 0; }

插入（INSERT）

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sqlite3.h> static int callback(void *NotUsed, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){ int i; for(i=0; i<argc; i++){ printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL"); } printf("\n"); return 0; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { sqlite3 *db; char *zErrMsg = 0; int rc; char *sql; /* Open database */ rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db); if( rc ){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db)); exit(0); }else{ fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n"); } /* Create SQL statement */ sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \ "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ); " \ "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \ "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ); " \ "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \ "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );" \ "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \ "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );"; /* Execute SQL statement */ rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, 0, &zErrMsg); if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){ fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg); sqlite3_free(zErrMsg); }else{ fprintf(stdout, "Records created successfully\n"); } sqlite3_close(db); return 0; }

SELECT

SELECT获得结果的回调方式声明如下

typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)( void*, /* Data provided in the 4th argument of sqlite3_exec() */ int, /* The number of columns in row */ char**, /* An array of strings representing fields in the row */ char** /* An array of strings representing column names */ );

获取 && 显示记录：

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sqlite3.h> static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){ int i; fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data); for(i=0; i<argc; i++){ printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL"); } printf("\n"); return 0; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { sqlite3 *db; char *zErrMsg = 0; int rc; char *sql; const char* data = "Callback function called"; /* Open database */ rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db); if( rc ){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db)); exit(0); }else{ fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n"); } /* Create SQL statement */ sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY"; /* Execute SQL statement */ rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg); if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){ fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg); sqlite3_free(zErrMsg); }else{ fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n"); } sqlite3_close(db); return 0; }

结果：

Opened database successfully Callback function called: ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 20000.0 Callback function called: ID = 2 NAME = Allen AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 Callback function called: ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 Callback function called: ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully

UPDATE

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sqlite3.h> static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){ int i; fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data); for(i=0; i<argc; i++){ printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL"); } printf("\n"); return 0; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { sqlite3 *db; char *zErrMsg = 0; int rc; char *sql; const char* data = "Callback function called"; /* Open database */ rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db); if( rc ){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db)); exit(0); }else{ fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n"); } /* Create merged SQL statement */ sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1; " \ "SELECT * from COMPANY"; /* Execute SQL statement */ rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg); if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){ fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg); sqlite3_free(zErrMsg); }else{ fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n"); } sqlite3_close(db); return 0; }

DELETE

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sqlite3.h> static int callback(void *data, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){ int i; fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", (const char*)data); for(i=0; i<argc; i++){ printf("%s = %s\n", azColName[i], argv[i] ? argv[i] : "NULL"); } printf("\n"); return 0; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { sqlite3 *db; char *zErrMsg = 0; int rc; char *sql; const char* data = "Callback function called"; /* Open database */ rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db); if( rc ){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't open database: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db)); exit(0); }else{ fprintf(stderr, "Opened database successfully\n"); } /* Create merged SQL statement */ sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2; " \ "SELECT * from COMPANY"; /* Execute SQL statement */ rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback, (void*)data, &zErrMsg); if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){ fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", zErrMsg); sqlite3_free(zErrMsg); }else{ fprintf(stdout, "Operation done successfully\n"); } sqlite3_close(db); return 0; }