前言：当前Web项目开发的框架主流应该非Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate莫属，不管是工作还是学习中涉及框架技术，首先是要搭建一套运行环境，虽然网上框架整合的教程很多，但我还是输出此文，一是自己总结整理可巩固理解，二是可供有需要学习的同仁参考。本着负责人的态度，本文所有内容测试通过，运行环境为JDK8+Tomcat8，Spring4.3.9，Hibernate5.2.10.
本篇文章重点关注以下问题：
框架配置文件的编写后台Controller、Service、Dao层编写在Dao层封装基本CRUD操作前台页面编写备注：本文为简明扼要，只在代码中对关键之处进行说明，有关框架的具体使用细节，可查阅相关资料，当然，自认为代码中的说明已够详细。另外，所有配置都是基于注解的方式实现。
项目结构：
web.xml为web项目的入口，因此首先配置web.xml. 文件中配置的编码格式和session并不是必须的，但又是很常用的，所以就一并附上了。
Xml代码 <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?> <web-app version=“3.1” xmlns=“http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee” xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xsi:schemaLocation=”http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd”> <!– 配置Spring初始化参数(配置文件位置). –> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!– 配置Spring监听器. –> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!– 配置SpringMVC –> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!– 配置编码格式. –> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!– 配置session –> <filter> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"> <!-- 配置Spring初始化参数(配置文件位置). --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置Spring监听器. --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 配置SpringMVC --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 配置编码格式. --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 配置session --> <filter> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSession</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
Spring提倡的主题之一就是面向接口编程，但是Controller层我并未定义接口，因为Controller层我仅写了几个测试方法，实现CRUD，定义接口并没有太大意义。
Java代码 package com.wj.control; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import com.wj.entity.User; import com.wj.service.IUserService; @Controller // 指明当前类是控制器 @RequestMapping(“/jsp/user”) // 根路径 public class UserController { @Autowired // 以类型的方式注入(Spring有多种方式实现自动注入，但按类型注入更简单清晰) private IUserService userService; @RequestMapping(“/getAllUser.action”) public String getAllUser(HttpServletRequest request){ List<User> userList = userService.getAllUser(); request.setAttribute(”userList”, userList); return “user/index”; } @RequestMapping(“/getUser.action”) public String getUser(String id,HttpServletRequest request){ User user = userService.getUser(id); request.setAttribute(”user”, user); return “user/editUser”; } @RequestMapping(“/toAddUser.action”) public String toAddUser(){ return “user/addUser”; } @RequestMapping(“/addUser.action”) public String addUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request){ userService.addUser(user); return “redirect:/jsp/user/getAllUser.action”; } @RequestMapping(“/delUser.action”) public void delUser(String id,HttpServletResponse response){ String result = ”{\”result\”:\”error\”}”; if(userService.delUser(id)){ result = ”{\”result\”:\”success\”}”; } response.setContentType(”application/json”); try { PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.write(result); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @RequestMapping(“/updateUser”) public String updateUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request){ if(userService.updateUser(user)){ user = userService.getUser(user.getId()); request.setAttribute(”user”, user); return “redirect:/jsp/user/getAllUser.action”; }else{ return “user/error”; } } } package com.wj.control; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import com.wj.entity.User; import com.wj.service.IUserService; @Controller // 指明当前类是控制器 @RequestMapping("/jsp/user") // 根路径 public class UserController { @Autowired // 以类型的方式注入(Spring有多种方式实现自动注入，但按类型注入更简单清晰) private IUserService userService; @RequestMapping("/getAllUser.action") public String getAllUser(HttpServletRequest request){ List<User> userList = userService.getAllUser(); request.setAttribute("userList", userList); return "user/index"; } @RequestMapping("/getUser.action") public String getUser(String id,HttpServletRequest request){ User user = userService.getUser(id); request.setAttribute("user", user); return "user/editUser"; } @RequestMapping("/toAddUser.action") public String toAddUser(){ return "user/addUser"; } @RequestMapping("/addUser.action") public String addUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request){ userService.addUser(user); return "redirect:/jsp/user/getAllUser.action"; } @RequestMapping("/delUser.action") public void delUser(String id,HttpServletResponse response){ String result = "{\"result\":\"error\"}"; if(userService.delUser(id)){ result = "{\"result\":\"success\"}"; } response.setContentType("application/json"); try { PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.write(result); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @RequestMapping("/updateUser") public String updateUser(User user,HttpServletRequest request){ if(userService.updateUser(user)){ user = userService.getUser(user.getId()); request.setAttribute("user", user); return "redirect:/jsp/user/getAllUser.action"; }else{ return "user/error"; } } }先定义业务层的业务接口：
Java代码 package com.wj.service; import java.util.List; import com.wj.entity.User; public interface IUserService { /** * 根据id获取指定用户 * @param id * @return */ public User getUser(String id); /** * 查询所有用户 * @return */ public List<User> getAllUser(); /** * 新增用户 * @param user */ public void addUser(User user); /** * 根据id删除指定用户 * @param id * @return */ public boolean delUser(String id); /** * 更新用户信息 * @param user * @return */ public boolean updateUser(User user); } package com.wj.service; import java.util.List; import com.wj.entity.User; public interface IUserService { /** * 根据id获取指定用户 * @param id * @return */ public User getUser(String id); /** * 查询所有用户 * @return */ public List<User> getAllUser(); /** * 新增用户 * @param user */ public void addUser(User user); /** * 根据id删除指定用户 * @param id * @return */ public boolean delUser(String id); /** * 更新用户信息 * @param user * @return */ public boolean updateUser(User user); }此样例中业务层并没有复杂业务，只是增删改查：
Java代码 package com.wj.service; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import com.wj.dao.IUserDao; import com.wj.entity.User; @Service public class UserService implements IUserService { @Autowired private IUserDao userDao; @Override public User getUser(String id) { return userDao.getUser(id); } @Override public List<User> getAllUser() { return userDao.getAllUser(); } @Override @Transactional public void addUser(User user) { userDao.addUser(user); } @Override @Transactional public boolean delUser(String id) { return userDao.delUser(id); } @Override @Transactional public boolean updateUser(User user) { return userDao.updateUser(user); } } package com.wj.service; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import com.wj.dao.IUserDao; import com.wj.entity.User; @Service public class UserService implements IUserService { @Autowired private IUserDao userDao; @Override public User getUser(String id) { return userDao.getUser(id); } @Override public List<User> getAllUser() { return userDao.getAllUser(); } @Override @Transactional public void addUser(User user) { userDao.addUser(user); } @Override @Transactional public boolean delUser(String id) { return userDao.delUser(id); } @Override @Transactional public boolean updateUser(User user) { return userDao.updateUser(user); } }首先定义接口：
Java代码 package com.wj.dao; import java.util.List; import com.wj.entity.User; public interface IUserDao { public User getUser(String id); public List<User> getAllUser(); public void addUser(User user); public boolean delUser(String id); public boolean updateUser(User user); } package com.wj.dao; import java.util.List; import com.wj.entity.User; public interface IUserDao { public User getUser(String id); public List<User> getAllUser(); public void addUser(User user); public boolean delUser(String id); public boolean updateUser(User user); }再贴上Dao层的实现：
Java代码 package com.wj.dao; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.wj.entity.User; @Repository public class UserDao extends BaseDao<User> implements IUserDao { @Override public User getUser(String id) { return get(User.class, id); } @Override public List<User> getAllUser() { return findAll(User.class); } @Override public void addUser(User user) { save(user); } @Override public boolean delUser(String id) { return delete(User.class, id); } @Override public boolean updateUser(User user) { update(user); return true; // String hql = “update User u set u.userName = ?0,u.age=?1 where u.id = ?2”; // Query<User> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); // query.setParameter(0, user.getUserName()); // query.setParameter(1, user.getAge()); // query.setParameter(2, user.getId()); // // return (query.executeUpdate() > 0); } } package com.wj.dao; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.wj.entity.User; @Repository public class UserDao extends BaseDao<User> implements IUserDao { @Override public User getUser(String id) { return get(User.class, id); } @Override public List<User> getAllUser() { return findAll(User.class); } @Override public void addUser(User user) { save(user); } @Override public boolean delUser(String id) { return delete(User.class, id); } @Override public boolean updateUser(User user) { update(user); return true; // String hql = "update User u set u.userName = ?0,u.age=?1 where u.id = ?2"; // Query<User> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); // query.setParameter(0, user.getUserName()); // query.setParameter(1, user.getAge()); // query.setParameter(2, user.getId()); // // return (query.executeUpdate() > 0); } }仔细观察Dao层，发现CRUD操作都是基于BaseDao提供的API进行的，显得相当简便，下面贴上BaseDao的实现。
首先定义CRUD操作的接口，为适配各实体类，此处引入泛型：
Java代码 package com.wj.dao; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; public interface IBaseDao<T> { /** * 根据ID加载实体 * @param entityClazz * @param id * @return */ T get(Class<T> entityClazz , Serializable id); /** * 保存实体 * @param entity * @return */ Serializable save(T entity); /** * 更新实体 * @param entity */ void update(T entity); /** * 删除实体 * @param entity */ void delete(T entity); /** * 根据ID删除实体 * @param entityClazz * @param id */ boolean delete(Class<T> entityClazz , Serializable id); /** * 获取所有实体 * @param entityClazz * @return */ List<T> findAll(Class<T> entityClazz); /** * 获取实体总数 * @param entityClazz * @return */ long findCount(Class<T> entityClazz); } package com.wj.dao; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; public interface IBaseDao<T> { /** * 根据ID加载实体 * @param entityClazz * @param id * @return */ T get(Class<T> entityClazz , Serializable id); /** * 保存实体 * @param entity * @return */ Serializable save(T entity); /** * 更新实体 * @param entity */ void update(T entity); /** * 删除实体 * @param entity */ void delete(T entity); /** * 根据ID删除实体 * @param entityClazz * @param id */ boolean delete(Class<T> entityClazz , Serializable id); /** * 获取所有实体 * @param entityClazz * @return */ List<T> findAll(Class<T> entityClazz); /** * 获取实体总数 * @param entityClazz * @return */ long findCount(Class<T> entityClazz); }CRUD的具体实现如下：
Java代码 package com.wj.dao; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.query.Query; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class BaseDao<T> implements IBaseDao<T> { @Autowired protected SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Override public T get(Class<T> entityClazz, Serializable id) { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(entityClazz, id); } @Override public Serializable save(T entity) { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(entity); } @Override public void update(T entity) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().saveOrUpdate(entity); } @Override public void delete(T entity) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(entity); } @Override @SuppressWarnings(“unchecked”) public boolean delete(Class<T> entityClazz, Serializable id) { String hql = ”delete ” + entityClazz.getSimpleName() + “ en where en.id = ?0”; Query<T> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession() .createQuery(hql) .setParameter(”0”, id); return (query.executeUpdate() > 0); } @Override public List<T> findAll(Class<T> entityClazz) { String hql = ”select en from ” + entityClazz.getSimpleName() + “ en”; return find(hql); } @Override public long findCount(Class<T> entityClazz) { String hql = ”select count(*) from ” + entityClazz.getSimpleName(); List<T> list = find(hql); if (list != null && list.size() == 1) { return (Long) list.get(0); } return 0; } /** * 根据HQL语句查询实体 * @param hql 待查询的HQL语句 * @return */ @SuppressWarnings(“unchecked”) protected List<T> find(String hql) { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession() .createQuery(hql) .list(); } /** * 根据带占位符参数HQL语句查询实体 * @param hql 待查询的HQL语句 * @param params 参数 * @return */ @SuppressWarnings(“unchecked”) protected List<T> find(String hql, Object… params) { Query<T> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); for (int i=0, len=params.length; i<len; i++) { query.setParameter(i + ”“, params[i]); } return query.list(); } /** * 使用hql 语句进行分页查询操作 * @param hql 需要查询的hql语句 * @param pageNo 查询第pageNo页的记录 * @param pageSize 每页需要显示的记录数 * @return 当前页的所有记录 */ @SuppressWarnings(“unchecked”) protected List<T> findByPage(String hql, int pageNo, int pageSize) { Query<T> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); return query.setFirstResult((pageNo-1) * pageSize) .setMaxResults(pageSize) .list(); } /** * 使用hql 语句进行分页查询操作 * @param hql 需要查询的hql语句 * @param pageNo 查询第pageNo页的记录 * @param pageSize 每页需要显示的记录数 * @param params 如果hql带占位符参数，params用于传入占位符参数 * @return 当前页的所有记录 */ @SuppressWarnings(“unchecked”) protected List<T> findByPage(String hql , int pageNo, int pageSize, Object… params) { Query<T> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); for (int i=0, len=params.length; i<len; i++) { query.setParameter(i + ”“, params[i]); } return query.setFirstResult((pageNo - 1) + pageSize) .setMaxResults(pageSize) .list(); } } package com.wj.dao; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.query.Query; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class BaseDao<T> implements IBaseDao<T> { @Autowired protected SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Override public T get(Class<T> entityClazz, Serializable id) { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(entityClazz, id); } @Override public Serializable save(T entity) { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(entity); } @Override public void update(T entity) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().saveOrUpdate(entity); } @Override public void delete(T entity) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(entity); } @Override @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public boolean delete(Class<T> entityClazz, Serializable id) { String hql = "delete " + entityClazz.getSimpleName() + " en where en.id = ?0"; Query<T> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession() .createQuery(hql) .setParameter("0", id); return (query.executeUpdate() > 0); } @Override public List<T> findAll(Class<T> entityClazz) { String hql = "select en from " + entityClazz.getSimpleName() + " en"; return find(hql); } @Override public long findCount(Class<T> entityClazz) { String hql = "select count(*) from " + entityClazz.getSimpleName(); List<T> list = find(hql); if (list != null && list.size() == 1) { return (Long) list.get(0); } return 0; } /** * 根据HQL语句查询实体 * @param hql 待查询的HQL语句 * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected List<T> find(String hql) { return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession() .createQuery(hql) .list(); } /** * 根据带占位符参数HQL语句查询实体 * @param hql 待查询的HQL语句 * @param params 参数 * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected List<T> find(String hql, Object... params) { Query<T> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); for (int i=0, len=params.length; i<len; i++) { query.setParameter(i + "", params[i]); } return query.list(); } /** * 使用hql 语句进行分页查询操作 * @param hql 需要查询的hql语句 * @param pageNo 查询第pageNo页的记录 * @param pageSize 每页需要显示的记录数 * @return 当前页的所有记录 */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected List<T> findByPage(String hql, int pageNo, int pageSize) { Query<T> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); return query.setFirstResult((pageNo-1) * pageSize) .setMaxResults(pageSize) .list(); } /** * 使用hql 语句进行分页查询操作 * @param hql 需要查询的hql语句 * @param pageNo 查询第pageNo页的记录 * @param pageSize 每页需要显示的记录数 * @param params 如果hql带占位符参数，params用于传入占位符参数 * @return 当前页的所有记录 */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected List<T> findByPage(String hql , int pageNo, int pageSize, Object... params) { Query<T> query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql); for (int i=0, len=params.length; i<len; i++) { query.setParameter(i + "", params[i]); } return query.setFirstResult((pageNo - 1) + pageSize) .setMaxResults(pageSize) .list(); } }本文重在展示框架的整合，前台测试代码此处就不贴了，有兴趣的可下载附件中的zip包。
完整项目下载链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1qY8vWTI 密码：grx7
