上文已经打开过Map了，定义了一些方法，重要的是定义了一个链表，我们先看看：
/** * A map entry (key-value pair). The <tt>Map.entrySet</tt> method returns * a collection-view of the map, whose elements are of this class. The * <i>only</i> way to obtain a reference to a map entry is from the * iterator of this collection-view. These <tt>Map.Entry</tt> objects are * valid <i>only</i> for the duration of the iteration; more formally, * the behavior of a map entry is undefined if the backing map has been * modified after the entry was returned by the iterator, except through * the <tt>setValue</tt> operation on the map entry. * * @see Map#entrySet() * @since 1.2 */ interface Entry<K,V> { K getKey(); V getValue(); V setValue(V value); boolean equals(Object o); int hashCode(); }通过说明我们知道这个接口定义了Map的键值对，重写了hashcode和equals方法。 下面打开HashMap的源码，学习一下是如何实现的： public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable { /** * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two. */ static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16; /** * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified * by either of the constructors with arguments. * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30. */ static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; /** * The load factor used when none specified in constructor. */ static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; /** * The table, 可扩容. 长度必须是2的整数倍 */ transient Entry<K,V>[] table; /** * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map. */ transient int size; // 静态内部类，定义了链表 static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { final K key; V value; Entry<K,V> next; int hash; /** * Creates new entry. */ Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) { value = v; next = n; key = k; hash = h; } public final K getKey() { return key; } public final V getValue() { return value; } public final V setValue(V newValue) { V oldValue = value; value = newValue; return oldValue; } public final boolean equals(Object o) { if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) return false; Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o; Object k1 = getKey(); Object k2 = e.getKey(); if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) { Object v1 = getValue(); Object v2 = e.getValue(); if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2))) return true; } return false; } public final int hashCode() { return (key==null ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^ (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode()); } public final String toString() { return getKey() + "=" + getValue(); } /** * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already * in the HashMap. */ void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) { } /** * This method is invoked whenever the entry is * removed from the table. */ void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) { } }接着看put： /** * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map. * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old * value is replaced. * * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated * @param value value to be associated with the specified key * @return the previous value associated with <tt>key</tt>, or * <tt>null</tt> if there was no mapping for <tt>key</tt>. * (A <tt>null</tt> return can also indicate that the map * previously associated <tt>null</tt> with <tt>key</tt>.) */ public V put(K key, V value) { if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value); // key对象对应的哈希值 int hash = hash(key); // 计算键值对应hash在数组table中的索引 int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); // 遍历指定索引位置的Entry<K,V>对象链表 for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; // 如果对象存在 if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } modCount++; addEntry(hash, key, value, i); return null; } /** * Adds a new entry with the specified key, value and hash code to * the specified bucket. It is the responsibility of this * method to resize the table if appropriate. * * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of put method. */ void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { // 扩容 if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) { resize(2 * table.length); hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0; bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length); } createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex); } /** * Like addEntry except that this version is used when creating entries * as part of Map construction or "pseudo-construction" (cloning, * deserialization). This version needn't worry about resizing the table. * * Subclass overrides this to alter the behavior of HashMap(Map), * clone, and readObject. */ void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { // 取出当前的对象 Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex]; // 将新对象赋给数组，插入到原来当前对象的前面 table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e); size++; }通过代码，我们可以看出，HashMap是通过数组table和链表Entry<K,V>来实现，通过key对象的Hash，计算分配的数组的位置，然后将对象加入到链表中，数组的当前位置保存最新的对象，这样既实现了数据的方便查询，又实现了链表的方便修改。 最后，在鉴赏鉴赏get方法，写的真好： public V get(Object key) { if (key == null) return getForNullKey(); Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key); return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue(); } /** * Returns the entry associated with the specified key in the * HashMap. Returns null if the HashMap contains no mapping * for the key. */ final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) { int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key); for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return e; } return null; }