docker入门（一）

xiaoxiao2021-03-01 29

https://www.cnblogs.com/aoeiuv/p/6051004.html

docker安装

yum install -y docker-io

[root@centos ~]# yum install -y docker-io 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 docker.x86_64.0.1.10.3-46.el7.centos.14 将被安装 --> 正在处理依赖关系 docker-common = 1.10.3-46.el7.centos.14，它被软件包 .....

docker版本查询

docker version

Client: Version: 1.10.3 API version: 1.22 Package version: docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.14.x86_64 Go version: go1.6.3 Git commit: cb079f6-unsupported Built: Fri Sep 16 13:24:25 2016 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Server: Version: 1.10.3 API version: 1.22 Package version: docker-common-1.10.3-46.el7.centos.14.x86_64 Go version: go1.6.3 Git commit: cb079f6-unsupported Built: Fri Sep 16 13:24:25 2016 OS/Arch: linux/amd64

启动docker

旧式语法

service docker start

centos7新式语法

systemctl start docker.service

配置开机启动

旧式语法

chkconfig docker on

centos7新式语法

systemctl enable docker.service

centos7 启动docker失败--selinux-enabled=false(时间2018-07-13)

当前新版本为1.13，默认安装好后启动失败。如不想做过多设置，可以关闭selinux-enabled=false，就可以正常启动。重新编辑docker配置文件： vi /etc/sysconfig/docker 找到以下这行 OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald --signature-verification=false' 将--selinux-enabled改为--selinux-enabled=false

配置加速器（阿里云）

阿里云的介绍：

配置Docker加速器

您可以使用如下的脚本将mirror的配置添加到docker daemon的启动参数中。系统要求 CentOS 7 以上，Docker 1.9 以上。 (其它linux请详见阿里云介绍)

sudo cp -n /lib/systemd/system/docker.service /etc/systemd/system/docker.service

sudo sed -i "s|ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon|ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon --registry-mirror=https://ir6ei990.mirror.aliyuncs.com|g" /etc/systemd/system/docker.service

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo service docker restart

执行后不起作用，也许因为docker版本不一致，本人是手动修改成功的

找到这行

ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker-current daemon 将自己的加速地址加进去，最后修改为

ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker-current daemon --registry-mirror=https://ir6ei990.mirror.aliyuncs.com然后重启docker

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart docker.service

下载镜像（测试用，找个小的镜像）

docker pull busybox

Using default tag: latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/busybox ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/busybox 56bec22e3559: Pull complete Digest: sha256:29f5d56d12684887bdfa50dcd29fc31eea4aaf4ad3bec43daf19026a7ce69912 Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/busybox:latest

查看已下载的镜像

docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/busybox latest e02e811dd08f 4 weeks ago 1.093 MB

这就是刚才上面下载的busybox

启动镜像变为容器

docker run -d -it --name testbusybox busybox

44391ec69021707afbeba0c1dda7633c4b0507838fecdf37ae3ad56182754710

-d 后台启动

-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached

-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY

进行交互式操作（例如Shell脚本），那我们必须使用-i -t参数同容器进行数据交互。但是当通过管道同容器进行交互时，就不需要使用-t参数

--name 容器名称（方便后续操作）

查看已经启动的容器（镜像）

docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8d713216033b busybox "sh" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes testbusybox

进入运行中的容器

刚才启动的容器为后台运行。我们可以通过一下命令进入启动的容器中

docker exec -it testbusybox /bin/sh

/ # pwd / / # ls bin dev etc home proc root run sys tmp usr var

退出容器

exit

/ # / # exit [root@centos ~]#

重启or停止容器运行

docker restart testbusybox

[root@centos ~]# docker restart testbusybox testbusybox

docker stop testbusybox

[root@centos ~]# docker stop testbusybox testbusybox [root@centos ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

发现容器关闭后docker ps 命令看不到了，默认显示启动的容器，我们可以通过加-a参数来显示停止的docker容器

[root@centos ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8d713216033b busybox "sh" 22 hours ago Exited (137) About a minute ago testbusybox 44391ec69021 busybox "sh" 22 hours ago Exited (137) 22 hours ago trusting_wright 2810cbbefdbe busybox "sh" 22 hours ago Exited (0) 22 hours ago drunk_bell ddf3b42c2970 c9bd19d022f6 "/entrypoint.sh /etc/" 2 days ago Exited (2) 2 days ago stoic_brattain

这些容器都是实际存在的。

以及启动成容器的镜像，无法再次run。除非删除容器后再run。我们拿windows的ghost打比方：镜像就是ghost光盘，容器就是已经装入电脑后的系统，ghost光盘可以为一台机器安装无限次，但是docker有点区别，已经装了A镜像的电脑，无法再次安装A的镜像。除非

1：删除已安装的容器，再次run A镜像进行安装。 2：换一个容器名字

[root@centos ~]# docker run -d -it --name testbusybox busybox docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The name "/testbusybox" is already in use by container 8d713216033bd01610aa444647ce971e9d47786c81637e12b5a85659d0006b63. You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.. See '/usr/bin/docker-current run --help'.

换了容器名后启动成功

[root@centos ~]# docker run -d -it --name testbusybox1 busybox 3ec4539e98a82d07fa362c7d90ff1a27547130a642662a1b8904742ce4ed2419

删除容器

docker rm -f testbusybox1

[root@centos ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3ec4539e98a8 busybox "sh" 57 seconds ago Up 56 seconds testbusybox1 8d713216033b busybox "sh" 22 hours ago Exited (137) 11 minutes ago testbusybox 44391ec69021 busybox "sh" 22 hours ago Exited (137) 22 hours ago trusting_wright 2810cbbefdbe busybox "sh" 22 hours ago Exited (0) 22 hours ago drunk_bell ddf3b42c2970 c9bd19d022f6 "/entrypoint.sh /etc/" 2 days ago Exited (2) 2 days ago stoic_brattain [root@centos ~]# [root@centos ~]# docker rm -f testbusybox1 testbusybox1 [root@centos ~]# docker rm -f testbusybox testbusybox [root@centos ~]# docker rm -f trusting_wright trusting_wright [root@centos ~]# docker rm -f drunk_bell drunk_bell [root@centos ~]# docker rm -f stoic_brattain stoic_brattain [root@centos ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

修改镜像tag

docker tag busybox registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox:1.0.0 docker images docker.io/busybox latest e02e811dd08f 4 weeks ago 1.093 MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox 1.0.0 e02e811dd08f 4 weeks ago 1.093 MB

将busybox修改为 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox:1.0.0

推送到阿里云仓库

前面已经修改了对应的阿里云仓库名/镜像名：Tag

推送的时候就会发送到registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox这个仓库中去。

具体阿里云docker镜像仓库可以自行查阅阿里云docker的帮助文档，很简单的。

发送前需要登录阿里云docker仓库

docker login --username=wzgdxg registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com

Password: WARNING: login credentials saved in /root/.docker/config.json Login Succeeded

推送

docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox:1.0.0

The push refers to a repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox] e88b3f82283b: Pushed 1.0.0: digest: sha256:9393222c6789842b16bcf7306b6eb4b486d81a48d3b8b8f206589b5d1d5a6101 size: 505

删除镜像

docker rmi -f registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox:1.0.0

Untagged: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox:1.0.0 [root@centos ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/busybox latest e02e811dd08f 4 weeks ago 1.093 MB

从阿里云docker仓库拉取镜像（刚才推送上去的镜像）

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox:1.0.0

Trying to pull repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox ... 1.0.0: Pulling from registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox Digest: sha256:9393222c6789842b16bcf7306b6eb4b486d81a48d3b8b8f206589b5d1d5a6101 Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox:1.0.0 [root@centos ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/busybox latest e02e811dd08f 4 weeks ago 1.093 MB registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/wzgdxg/testbusybox 1.0.0 e02e811dd08f 4 weeks ago 1.093 MB

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