spring初级入门一（Spring介绍+启动Spring容器+Spring容器创建对象）

一、Spring介绍 1、概念

开源

分层

轻量级

一站式（full-stack）

简化企业级开发框架

2、特点

（1）简化开发

spring对一些常见API（比如JDBC）做封装，使用这些封装后的代码会大大简化

（如：使用springjdbc来访问数据库，就不用考虑如何获取连接和关闭连接）

（2）管理对象

spring管理对象之间的依赖关系，维护起来方便

（3）集成其他框架

spring将一些框架进行集成，方便使用框架

（如：spring集成mybatis，这样mybatis操作起来简单方便）

3、特征

（1）控制反转IoC：依赖注入

（2）面向切面AOP：分离业务逻辑与系统级服务

（3）容器：管理对象的配置和生命周期

二、Spring容器

1、概念

Spring容器---是Spring框架中的一个核心模块

用来管理对象

2、Spring容器类型有2种

（1）BeanFactory

（2）ApplicationContext：ApplicationContext继承BeanFactory接口，拥有更多企业级方法，推荐使用（本例子采用这种类型）

3、启动Spring容器

步骤：

（1）导包：spring-webmvc 3.2.8.RELEASE（这里随便选的版本）

（2）添加配置文件：applicationContext.xml（应该放置在java Resources项目资源文件中）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd"> </beans>

位置：

（3）启动Spring容器：java代码中编写

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class FirstSpring { public static void main(String[] args) { /* * 此行代码负责启动spring容器 * a. ApplicationContext:是继承BeanFactory一个接口 * b. ClassPathXmlApplicationContext是 ApplicationContext接口的一个实现类(该类依据类路径去查找配置文件) */ //加载工程classpath下的配置文件（即applicationContext.xml）实例化  ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); }

3、Spring容器创建对象（bean的实例化）

（1）无参构造器

创建一个无参构造器的java类（如：Student.java）

package first; public class Student { //默认构造器 public Student() { System.out.println("打桩Student()"); } }配置applicatinContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd"> <!-- 1、无参构造器创建对象 id属性：要求唯一。 class属性：需要一个默认的空构造器，要求写类的全限定名。 --> <bean id="stu1" class="first.Student"></bean> </beans> 创建一个java实例化验证（使用getBean方法获取）

package first; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class FirstSpring { public static void main(String[] args) { //启动容器 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); /* * 此行代码的作用：通过容器获得要创建的对象(注意，getBean方法的第一个参数是bean的id)。 * Student.class:是Student在方法区中对应的class对象。 */ Student stu1 =ac.getBean("stu1",Student.class); System.out.println("无参构造器创建对象："+stu1); } }

（2）静态工厂方法

配置applicatinContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd"> <!-- 2、静态工厂方法创建对象 factory-method属性：指定创建bean实例的静态工厂方法。 spring容器会调用该方法来创建对象。 --> <bean id="cal1" class="java.util.Calendar" factory-method="getInstance"></bean> </beans>创建一个java实例化验证（使用getBean方法获取） package first; import java.util.Calendar; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class FirstSpring { public static void main(String[] args) { //启动容器 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); //getBean方法获取 Calendar cal1 =ac.getBean("cal1",Calendar.class); System.out.println("静态工厂方法创建对象："+cal1); } }

（3）实例工厂方法

配置applicatinContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd"> <!-- 静态工厂方法配合下面实例工厂方法创建对象 --> <bean id="cal1" class="java.util.Calendar" factory-method="getInstance"></bean> <!-- 3、实例工厂方法创建对象 factory-bean属性:指定要调用的bean的id。 spring容器会调用该bean的方法来创建对象。 --> <bean id="date1" factory-bean="cal1" factory-method="getTime"></bean> <bean id="date2" class="java.util.Date"></bean> </beans>创建一个java实例化验证（使用getBean方法获取）

package first; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Calendar; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class FirstSpring { public static void main(String[] args) { //启动容器 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); //getBean方法 //第一种 // Date date1 =ac.getBean("date1",Date.class); // System.out.println(date1); //第二种 Date date2 = ac.getBean("date2", Date.class); System.out.println(date2); } } Maven管理结构