FTP ( 文件传输协议 ) 是 INTERNET 上仍常用的最老的网络协议 之一 , 它为系统提供了通过网络与远程服务器进行传输的简单方法 在 RED HAT ENTREPRISE LINUX 7 中。 FTP 服务器包的名 称为 VSFTPD , 它代表 Very Secure File TransferProtocol Damon 服务器名称也叫做 vsftpd 默认配置文件让 ANONYMOUS 用户只能下载位于 CHROOT 目 录中的内容。 /var/ftp/ 这意味着远程 FTP 客户端能以用户 anonymous 或 ftp 身份连接到服务器 ( 无需密码 ), 并从 ftp 服务器上的 /var/ftp/ 目录下载文件 ( 其本地 ftp 用户可以读取这 些文件 )
yum install vsftpd -y systemctl start vsftpd systemctl stop firewalld systemctl enable vsftpd lftp ip ##能登陆并且显示，表示安装成功
[root@localhost Desktop]# ip addr show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:00:0b:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.25.254.111/24 brd 172.25.254.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:b0b/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost Desktop]# mkdir /iso [root@localhost Desktop]# mv rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /iso [root@localhost Desktop]# [root@localhost Desktop]# mount /iso/rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@localhost Desktop]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* [root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yum.repo [root@localhost Desktop]# nm-connection-editor [root@localhost Desktop]# ping 172.25.254.11 PING 172.25.254.11 (172.25.254.11) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.25.254.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.199 ms 64 bytes from 172.25.254.11: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.127 ms ^C --- 172.25.254.11 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.127/0.163/0.199/0.036 ms [root@localhost Desktop]# yum install vsftpd -y Loaded plugins: langpacks server | 4.1 kB 00:00 (1/2): server/group_gz | 136 kB 00:00 (2/2): server/primary_db | 3.6 MB 00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-10.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-10.el7 server 167 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 167 k Installed size: 347 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-10.el7 Complete! [root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl start vsftpd [root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@localhost Desktop]# systemctl enable vsftpd ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service' [root@localhost Desktop]#/var/ftp ##默认发布目录 /etc/vsftpd ##配置目录
anonymous_enable=YES|NO ##匿名用户登陆限制
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf write_enable=YES anon_upload_enable=YES chgrp ftp /var/ftp/pub chmod 775 /var/ftp/pub
anon_root=/direcotry
anon_umask=xxx
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES|NO
anon_world_readable_only=YES|NO ##设定参数值为no表示匿名用户可以下载
anon_other_write_enable=YES|NO
chown_uploads=YES chown_username=student chown_uploads_mode=0644
anon_max_rate=102400
max_clients=2
local_enable=YES|NO ##本地用户登陆限制 write_enable=YES|NO ##本地用户写权限限制
local_root=/directory
local_umask=xxx
所有用户被锁定到自己的家目录中 chroot_local_user=YES chmod u-w /home/*
chroot_local_user=NO chroot_list_enable=YES chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
vim /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers ##用户黑名单 vim /etc/vsftpd/user_list ##用户临时黑名单
userlist_deny=NO /etc/vsftpd/user_list ##参数设定，此文件变成用户白名单，只在名单中出现的用户可以登陆ftp
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you wil # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access anon_upload_enable=NO # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) #chroot_local_user=YES #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=NO # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES创建虚拟帐号身份) vim /etc/vsftpd/loginusers ##文件名称任意 ftpuser1 123 ftpuser2 123 ftpuser3 123
db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/loginusers loginusers.db
vim /etc/pam.d/ckvsftpd ##文件名称任意 account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/loginusers auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/loginusers
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf pam_service_name=ckvsftpd guest_enable=YES
guest_username=ftpuser chmod u-w /home/ftpuser
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf local_root=/ftpuserhome/ USERusersubtoken= USER
mkdir /ftpuserhome chgrp ftpuser /ftpuserhome chmod g+s /ftpuserhome mkdir /ftpuserhome/ftpuser{1..3}mkdir /ftpuserhome chgrp ftpuser /ftpuserhome chmod g+s /ftpuserhome mkdir /ftpuserhome/ftpuser{1..3}
总体的设定，配置文件如图
现在实验，user1身份进入后，进入了自己的家目录下，成功
vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/userconf mkdir -p /etc/vsftpd/userconf
vim /etc/vsftpd/userconf/ftpuser1 在此文件中设定配置文件中的所有参数，此文件的优先级搞
