1. 用户发送请求给服务器。url：user.do
2. 服务器收到请求。发现Dispatchservlet可以处理。于是调用DispatchServlet。
3. DispatchServlet内部，通过HandleMapping检查这个url有没有对应的Controller。如果有，则调用Controller。
4、 Control开始执行
5. Controller执行完毕后，如果返回字符串，则ViewResolver将字符串转化成相应的视图对象；如果返回ModelAndView对象，该对象本身就包含了视图对象信息。
6. DispatchServlet将执视图对象中的数据，输出给服务器。
7. 服务器将数据输出给客户端。
和Struts1一样，Spring的Controller是Singleton的。这就意味着会被多个请求线程共享。因此，我们将控制器设计成无状态类。
在spring 3.0中，通过@controller标注即可将class定义为一个controller类。为使spring能找到定义为controller的bean,需要在spring-context配置文件中增加如下定义：
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sxt.web"/>
注：实际上，使用@component，也可以起到@Controller同样的作用。
在类前面定义，则将url和类绑定。
在方法前面定义，则将url和类的方法绑定
一般用于将指定的请求参数付给方法中形参。示例代码如下：
@RequestMapping(params="method=reg5") public String reg5(@RequestParam("name")String uname,ModelMap map) { System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()"); System.out.println(uname); return"index"; }
这样，就会将name参数的值付给uname。当然，如果请求参数名称和形参名称保持一致，则不需要这种写法。
将ModelMap中指定的属性放到session中。示例代码如下：
@Controller @RequestMapping("/user.do") @SessionAttributes({"u","a"}) //将ModelMap中属性名字为u、a的再放入session中。这样，request和session中都有了。 public class UserController { @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4") public String reg4(ModelMap map) { System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()"); map.addAttribute("u","uuuu"); //将u放入request作用域中，这样转发页面也可以取到这个数据。 return"index"; } } <body> <h1>**********${requestScope.u.uname}</h1> <h1>**********${sessionScope.u.uname}</h1> </body>
注：名字为”user”的属性再结合使用注解@SessionAttributes可能会报错。
这个注解可以跟@SessionAttributes配合在一起用。可以将ModelMap中属性的值通过该注解自动赋给指定变量。
示例代码如下：
package com.sxt.web; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user.do") @SessionAttributes({"u","a"}) public class UserController { @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4") public String reg4(ModelMap map) { System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()"); map.addAttribute("u","尚学堂高淇"); return"index"; } @RequestMapping(params="method=reg5") public String reg5(@ModelAttribute("u")String uname ,ModelMap map) { System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()"); System.out.println(uname); return"index"; } }
先调用reg4方法，再调用reg5方法。
1. 返回string(建议)
a) 根据返回值找对应的显示页面。路径规则为：prefix前缀+返回值+suffix后缀组成
b) 代码如下：
@RequestMapping(params="method=reg4") public String reg4(ModelMap map) { System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()"); return"index"; } //前缀为：/WEB-INF/jsp/ 后缀是：.jsp //在转发到：/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp
2. 也可以返回ModelMap、ModelAndView、map、List、Set、Object、无返回值。一般建议返回字符串！
代码示例：
package com.sxt.web; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttributes; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user.do") public class UserController { @RequestMapping(params="method=reg4") public String reg4(ModelMap map) { System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()"); // return "forward:index.jsp"; // return "forward:user.do?method=reg5"; //转发 // return "redirect:user.do?method=reg5"; //重定向 return"redirect:http://www.baidu.com"; //重定向 } @RequestMapping(params="method=reg5") public String reg5(String uname,ModelMap map) { System.out.println("HelloController.handleRequest()"); System.out.println(uname); return"index"; } }
访问reg4方法，既可以看到效果。
普通的Controller类，示例代码如下：
@Controller @RequestMapping("/user.do") public class UserController { @RequestMapping(params="method=reg2") public String reg2(String uname,HttpServletRequest req,ModelMap map){ req.setAttribute("a", "aa"); req.getSession().setAttribute("b", "bb"); return"index"; } }
是map的实现，可以在其中存放属性，作用域同request。下面这个示例，我们可以在modelMap中放入数据，然后在forward的页面上显示这些数据。通过el表达式、JSTL、Java代码均可。
代码如下：
package com.sxt.web; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user.do") public class UserController extends MultiActionController { @RequestMapping(params = "method=reg") public String reg(String uname, ModelMap map) { map.put("a", "aaa"); return "index"; } } <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head></head> <body> <h1>${requestScope.a}</h1> <c:out value="${requestScope.a}"></c:out> </body> </html>
将属性u的值赋给形参uname
见名知意，从名字上我们可以知道ModelAndView中的Model代表模型，View代表视图。即，这个类把要显示的数据存储到了Model属性中，要跳转的视图信息存储到了view属性。我们看一下ModelAndView的部分源码，即可知其中关系：
[java] view plain copy public class ModelAndView { /** View instance or view name String */ private Object view; /** Model Map */ private ModelMap model; /** * Indicates whether or not this instance has been cleared with a call to {@link #clear()}. */ private boolean cleared = false; /** * Default constructor for bean-style usage: populating bean * properties instead of passing in constructor arguments. * @see #setView(View) * @see #setViewName(String) */ public ModelAndView() { } /** * Convenient constructor when there is no model data to expose. * Can also be used in conjunction with <code>addObject</code>. * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved * by the DispatcherServlet's ViewResolver * @see #addObject */ public ModelAndView(String viewName) { this.view = viewName; } /** * Convenient constructor when there is no model data to expose. * Can also be used in conjunction with <code>addObject</code>. * @param view View object to render * @see #addObject */ public ModelAndView(View view) { this.view = view; } /** * Creates new ModelAndView given a view name and a model. * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved * by the DispatcherServlet's ViewResolver * @param model Map of model names (Strings) to model objects * (Objects). Model entries may not be <code>null</code>, but the * model Map may be <code>null</code> if there is no model data. */ public ModelAndView(String viewName, Map<String, ?> model) { this.view = viewName; if (model != null) { getModelMap().addAllAttributes(model); } } /** * Creates new ModelAndView given a View object and a model. * <emphasis>Note: the supplied model data is copied into the internal * storage of this class. You should not consider to modify the supplied * Map after supplying it to this class</emphasis> * @param view View object to render * @param model Map of model names (Strings) to model objects * (Objects). Model entries may not be <code>null</code>, but the * model Map may be <code>null</code> if there is no model data. */ public ModelAndView(View view, Map<String, ?> model) { this.view = view; if (model != null) { getModelMap().addAllAttributes(model); } } /** * Convenient constructor to take a single model object. * @param viewName name of the View to render, to be resolved * by the DispatcherServlet's ViewResolver * @param modelName name of the single entry in the model * @param modelObject the single model object */ public ModelAndView(String viewName, String modelName, Object modelObject) { this.view = viewName; addObject(modelName, modelObject); } /** * Convenient constructor to take a single model object. * @param view View object to render * @param modelName name of the single entry in the model * @param modelObject the single model object */ public ModelAndView(View view, String modelName, Object modelObject) { this.view = view; addObject(modelName, modelObject); } /** * Set a view name for this ModelAndView, to be resolved by the * DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver. Will override any * pre-existing view name or View. */ public void setViewName(String viewName) { this.view = viewName; } /** * Return the view name to be resolved by the DispatcherServlet * via a ViewResolver, or <code>null</code> if we are using a View object. */ public String getViewName() { return (this.view instanceof String ? (String) this.view : null); } /** * Set a View object for this ModelAndView. Will override any * pre-existing view name or View. */ public void setView(View view) { this.view = view; } /** * Return the View object, or <code>null</code> if we are using a view name * to be resolved by the DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver. */ public View getView() { return (this.view instanceof View ? (View) this.view : null); } /** * Indicate whether or not this <code>ModelAndView</code> has a view, either * as a view name or as a direct {@link View} instance. */ public boolean hasView() { return (this.view != null); } /** * Return whether we use a view reference, i.e. <code>true</code> * if the view has been specified via a name to be resolved by the * DispatcherServlet via a ViewResolver. */ public boolean isReference() { return (this.view instanceof String); } /** * Return the model map. May return <code>null</code>. * Called by DispatcherServlet for evaluation of the model. */ protected Map<String, Object> getModelInternal() { return this.model; } /** * Return the underlying <code>ModelMap</code> instance (never <code>null</code>). */ public ModelMap getModelMap() { if (this.model == null) { this.model = new ModelMap(); } return this.model; } /** * Return the model map. Never returns <code>null</code>. * To be called by application code for modifying the model. */ public Map<String, Object> getModel() { return getModelMap(); } /** * Add an attribute to the model. * @param attributeName name of the object to add to the model * @param attributeValue object to add to the model (never <code>null</code>) * @see ModelMap#addAttribute(String, Object) * @see #getModelMap() */ public ModelAndView addObject(String attributeName, Object attributeValue) { getModelMap().addAttribute(attributeName, attributeValue); return this; } /** * Add an attribute to the model using parameter name generation. * @param attributeValue the object to add to the model (never <code>null</code>) * @see ModelMap#addAttribute(Object) * @see #getModelMap() */ public ModelAndView addObject(Object attributeValue) { getModelMap().addAttribute(attributeValue); return this; } /** * Add all attributes contained in the provided Map to the model. * @param modelMap a Map of attributeName -> attributeValue pairs * @see ModelMap#addAllAttributes(Map) * @see #getModelMap() */ public ModelAndView addAllObjects(Map<String, ?> modelMap) { getModelMap().addAllAttributes(modelMap); return this; } /** * Clear the state of this ModelAndView object. * The object will be empty afterwards. * <p>Can be used to suppress rendering of a given ModelAndView object * in the <code>postHandle</code> method of a HandlerInterceptor. * @see #isEmpty() * @see HandlerInterceptor#postHandle */ public void clear() { this.view = null; this.model = null; this.cleared = true; } /** * Return whether this ModelAndView object is empty, * i.e. whether it does not hold any view and does not contain a model. */ public boolean isEmpty() { return (this.view == null && CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.model)); } /** * Return whether this ModelAndView object is empty as a result of a call to {@link #clear} * i.e. whether it does not hold any view and does not contain a model. * <p>Returns <code>false</code> if any additional state was added to the instance * <strong>after</strong> the call to {@link #clear}. * @see #clear() */ public boolean wasCleared() { return (this.cleared && isEmpty()); } /** * Return diagnostic information about this model and view. */ @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("ModelAndView: "); if (isReference()) { sb.append("reference to view with name '").append(this.view).append("'"); } else { sb.append("materialized View is [").append(this.view).append(']'); } sb.append("; model is ").append(this.model); return sb.toString(); } } [java] view plain copy 测试代码如下： package com.sxt.web; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.MultiActionController; import com.sxt.po.User; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user.do") public class UserController extends MultiActionController { @RequestMapping(params="method=reg") public ModelAndView reg(String uname){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.setViewName("index"); // mv.setView(new RedirectView("index")); User u = new User(); u.setUname("高淇"); mv.addObject(u); //查看源代码，得知，直接放入对象。属性名为”首字母小写的类名”。 一般建议手动增加属性名称。 mv.addObject("a", "aaaa"); return mv; } } <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gbk"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> </head> <body> <h1>${requestScope.a}</h1> <h1>${requestScope.user.uname}</h1> </body> </html> 地址栏输入：http://localhost:8080/springmvc03/user.do?method=reg 结果为：