SpringMVC相关笔记

`#Springmvc中的部分配置

SpringMVC配置–在web.xml中搭建

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <!-- 1.注册springmvc核心控制器 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 设置加载应用上下文路径,默认为WEB-INF/<servlet-name>-context.xml --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- 2.注册ContextLoaderListener --> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:root.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 1和2会各自加载一个Spring应用上下文，可以分别设置xml文件地址 --> <!-- 注册spring核心编码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd "> <import resource="xxxxx"/> </beans> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd "> <!-- Action，让springioc容器去扫描带@Controller的类 --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.javaee.springmvc.app23"/> </beans>

SpringMVC配置–设置web.xml基于java的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <!-- 指定使用java类进行配置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextClass</param-name> <param-value> org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContex </param-value> </context-param> <!-- 指定根配置类 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <!-- 设置根配置类的类路径 --> <param-value> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.RootConfigClass </param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener-class> </listener> <!-- 指定Springmvc核心控制器类 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!-- 指定使用java类进行配置 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextClass</param-name> <param-value> org.springframework.web.context.support. AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContex </param-value> </init-param> <!-- 指定java配置类的类路径 --> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.WebConfigClass </param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>

配置类具体参见P141

Springmvc中的映射器、适配器、视图解析器

-----------------------------全部通过xml文件进行配置--------------------------------- <!-- 控制器(程序员) --> <bean id="HelloActionID" name="/hello.action" class="cn.itcast.javaee.springmvc.base.HelloAction"></bean> <!-- 映射器(框架) --> <!-- 1.BeanNameUrlHandler(默认)(一个路径对应一个Action) --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean> <!-- 2.SimpleUrlHandler(多个路径对应同一个Action) --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <prop key="/x1.action">HelloActionID</prop> <prop key="/x2.action">HelloActionID</prop> <prop key="/x3.action">HelloActionID</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 控制器与映射器搭配使用 --> <!-- 控制器(框架) --> <!-- ParameterizableViewController，如果请求是/hello.action的请求路径，则直接跳转到/jsp/success.jsp页面，不经过程序员定义的控制器Action --> <bean name="/index.action" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ParameterizableViewController"> <property name="viewName" value="/index.jsp"/> </bean> <!-- 适配器(框架)，控制类需要实现Controller接口--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean> <!-- 视图解析器(框架) --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 真实路径可以不配置 --> <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans>

通过注解配置控制器（推荐）

<!-- Action控制器，启用注解扫描（必须） --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.javaee.springmvc.helloannotation"/> <!-- 基于注解的映射器(可选) --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"/> <!-- 基于注解的适配器(可选) --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/> <!-- 添加JSON转换功能 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 视图解析器(可选)（如果为逻辑地址则需要配置） --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"/> @Controller @RequestMapping(value="/user") public class UserAction { //以JSON格式返回对象 @RequestMapping(value="/add") public @ResponseBody User add(User user) throws Exception{ System.out.println(user.getId()+":"+user.getName()+":"+user.getSal()); return user; } } package cn.itcast.javaee.springmvc.helloannotation @Controller //指明当前类为控制器类。自动创建对象并加入ioc容器 @RequestMapping(value="/user") //配置一级映射路径 public class UserAction { /** * 用户注册，只能接收POST请求 */ @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST,value="/register") public String registerMethod(Model model,String username,String salary) throws Exception{ System.out.println("用户注册-->" + username + ":" + salary); model.addAttribute("message","员工注册成功"); return "/jsp/success.jsp"; //真实地址 /* 可以用redirect: 或者 forward: 标记，会自动解析进行重定向或者转发 例: return "forward:/user/add.action"; */ } /** * 用户登录，即能接收POST请求，又能接收GET请求 */ @RequestMapping(value="/login") //配置二级映射路径 public String loginMethod(Model model,String username) throws Exception{ System.out.println("用户登录-->" + username); model.addAttribute("message","员工登录成功"); return "/jsp/success.jsp"; } //将参数自动注入相应的对象 @RequestMapping(value="/addUser") public void testBinderOuput(@ModelAttribute User user, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ System.out.println(user); } } public Class User{ private String name; private int sex; private String address; private int id;

请求路径： localhost/user/addUser 现在需要将参数自动传入user对象中去 如果后台表单中的name=”name” value=”test” 那么user.name=”test”; 如果后台表单中的name=”user.name” value=”test” 那么user.name=null; 默认情况下springMVC是不支持user.name这种传参方式的。

——————多个对象中有相同属性的情况下——————— 如果有个对象manager中也有name这个相同的属性，那么可以采用user.name，manager.name来传输参数。

1.在controller中添加一个前缀绑定：

@InitBinder("manager") public void initBinder1(WebDataBinder binder) { binder.setFieldDefaultPrefix("manager."); } @InitBinder("user") public void initBinder2(WebDataBinder binder) { binder.setFieldDefaultPrefix("user."); }

2.设计一个包装类Bean Bean中有User和Manager两个成员变量 此时可以通过user.name manager.name直接向后台传递参数

@RequestMappting("/getBean") public void testBinderOuput(@ModelAttribute Bean bean, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ User user = bean.getUser(); Manager manager = bean.getManager(); }

Springmvc将提交给后台的参数自动注入到方法的参数中去，是通过方法参数的名字来识别的，但不是通过反射实现的。 通过获取该方法对应的Method对象的class对象(method.getClass()),然后将该class对象转为输入流读取到参数的具体名称后实现的.