有时候,你想在一个task进行很多重复的操作,例如创建用户、安装包、或者重复执行一个操作直到某个希望的状态。
为了少打一些字,可以这样写重复的任务:
- name: add several users user: name: "{{ item }}" state: present groups: "wheel" with_items: - testuser1 - testuser2如果有定义了yaml格式的list在变量文件中,或变量段落,可以这样做:
with_items: "{{ somelist }}"上面的例子,等价于:
- name: add user testuser1 user: name: "testuser1" state: present groups: "wheel" - name: add user testuser2 user: name: "testuser2" state: present groups: "wheel"所以呢,用loops更加灵活。
yum和apt模块可以用with_item来执行较少的包管理事务。
注意 用with_items来迭代的时候,其值不一定是字符串,还可以是哈希(hashes): - name: add several users user: name: "{{ item.name }}" state: present groups: "{{ item.groups }}" with_items: - { name: 'testuser1', groups: 'wheel' } - { name: 'testuser2', groups: 'root' }这样会更加灵活。
loops其实是with_和<lookup>的组合,所以任何<lookup>都可以当做源来迭代,上面的例子就是用了items这个<lookup>
假设我定义了这样一个变量:
--- users: alice: name: Alice Appleworth telephone: 123-456-7890 bob: name: Bob Bananarama telephone: 987-654-3210我现在要打印出名字和电话,可以用with_dict从哈希中取值:
tasks: - name: Print phone records debug: msg: "User {{ item.key }} is {{ item.value.name }} ({{ item.value.telephone }})" with_dict: "{{ users }}"格式化输出,挺好用的。
with_file可以遍历文件列表的内容,item将按顺序设置为每个文件的内容:
--- - hosts: all tasks: # emit a debug message containing the content of each file. - debug: msg: "{{ item }}" with_file: - first_example_file - second_example_file假如第一个文件内容为hello,第二个文件内容为world,那么上面的执行结果如下:
TASK [debug msg={{ item }}] ****************************************************** ok: [localhost] => (item=hello) => { "item": "hello", "msg": "hello" } ok: [localhost] => (item=world) => { "item": "world", "msg": "world" }