Nginx+Memcached+Tomcat集群配置实践（Sticky Session）

xiaoxiao2021-02-28 14

2013年08月03日 12:28:10 阅读数：22839 准备工作创建一个简单的web应用，名为session。其中有两个页面，分别如下所示：页面login.jsp [html] view plain copy <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>登录页面</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> </head> <body> <table bgcolor="#F8C3C3" border="1" borderColor="#FF0000" align="center" width="260" height="160"> <tr> <td height="15" colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color: #000000; font-size: 28px; color: #FFFF00"><b>用户登录</b></td> </tr> <form method="post" action="login"> <tr> <td width="80" align="center"><b>用户名</b></td> <td><input type="text" name="userName" value="" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>密码</b></td> <td><input type="password" name="password" value="" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color: #000000;"> <input type="submit" value="登录" /> <input type="reset" value="重置" /> </td> </tr> </form> </table> </body> </html> 登录成功页面success.jsp [html] view plain copy <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>登录成功页面</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> </head> <% String userName = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("userName"); %> <body bgcolor="#000000"> <table width="500" height="200" align="center" border="1" style="background-color: #000000;"> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color: #F8C3C3; color: #00FF00; font-weight: bold; font-size: 30px"> 当前登录用户：<%=userName %> </td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> 还有一个Servlet，负责请求的转发，并设置session数据，如下所示： [java] view plain copy package org.shirdrn.cluster.tomcat.servlet; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; public class LoginSevlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(LoginSevlet.class); private static Map<String, String> accountDB = new HashMap<String, String>(); static { accountDB.put("shirdrn", "123456"); accountDB.put("admin", "999999"); accountDB.put("dev", "000888"); accountDB.put("007", "007007"); } public LoginSevlet() { super(); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request, response); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String userName = request.getParameter("userName"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); LOG.info("Raw input:userName=" + userName + ",password=" + password); if(userName!=null && password!=null && accountDB.containsKey(userName) && accountDB.get(userName).equals(password)) { LOG.info("Login;status=SUCCESS"); request.getSession().setAttribute("userName", userName); request.getRequestDispatcher("success.jsp").forward(request, response); } else { LOG.info("Login;status=FAIL"); request.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(request, response); } } } 这里模拟了一个账号数据库，对用户的登录请求进行处理。最后打成WAR包，部署到Tomcat集群中的每个结点上。 Memcached安装、配置、启动在Ubuntu系统下，如果没有安装Memcached，可以执行如下命令进行安装： [plain] view plain copy sudo apt-get install memcached 然后，启动Memcached服务进程，这里，我启动了两个服务进程，分别监听端口11211、11311，启动命令如下所示： [plain] view plain copy sudo /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -d -u memcache -p 11211 -l 192.168.1.104 -c 5000 -P /tmp/n1-memcached.pid sudo /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -d -u memcache -p 11311 -l 192.168.1.104 -c 5000 -P /tmp/n2-memcached.pid 查询Memcached服务状态： [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ ps -ef | grep memcached memcache 1578 1 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -p 11211 -u memcache -l 127.0.0.1 memcache 3300 1 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -d -u memcache -p 11211 -l 192.168.1.104 -c 5000 -P /tmp/n1-memcached.pid memcache 3308 1 0 00:00 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/memcached -m 64 -d -u memcache -p 11311 -l 192.168.1.104 -c 5000 -P /tmp/n2-memcached.pid shirdrn 3318 3095 0 00:00 pts/5 00:00:00 grep --color=auto memcached Tomcat集群配置 Tomcat集群配置，集群中各个结点通过共享存储在缓存Memcached中session来实现session的共享：如果有一台机器上的Tomcat服务停掉了，对于其他对等服务器上的session数据仍然可以从Memcached缓存中读取，从而不会发生session丢失的问题。对于满足这种配置的实现方案，可以在 https://code.google.com/p/memcached-session-manager和 https://spymemcached.googlecode.com上下载相关的jar文件。因为基于不同的序列化方案，可以有多种配置方法，下面是选择Javolution序列化框架，需要提供如下库文件： https://memcached-session-manager.googlecode.com/files/memcached-session-manager-1.6.3.jarhttps://memcached-session-manager.googlecode.com/files/memcached-session-manager-tc7-1.6.3.jarhttps://memcached-session-manager.googlecode.com/files/msm-javolution-serializer-1.6.2.jarhttp://memcached-session-manager.googlecode.com/svn/maven/javolution/javolution/5.4.3.1/javolution-5.4.3.1.jarhttps://spymemcached.googlecode.com/files/spymemcached-2.8.4.jar 下载上述jar文件，拷贝到$CATALINA_HOME/lib目录下，然后需要配置$CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml文件。 Tomcat集群中，每个结点的$CATALINA_HOME/conf/server.xml基本配置都是相同的，不同配置内容分别如下：如果在同一台机器上，要保证各个服务端口不相冲突<Manager>元素中failoverNodes属性值不同例如，我们在同一台机器上配置了两个Tomcat服务器实例，所在目录分别为tomcat-1和tomcat-2，对应的conf/server.xml配置内容如下： tomcat-1/conf/server.xml [html] view plain copy <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <Server port="8085" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <GlobalNamingResources> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <Service name="Catalina"> <Connector port="8088" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> <Connector port="8089" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase" /> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" deployOnStartup="true"> <Context docBase="/home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/webapps/session.war" path="/session" reloadable="true"> <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.1.104:11211,n2:192.168.1.104:11311" failoverNodes="n1" requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" sessionBackupAsync="false" sessionBackupTimeout="100" transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory" copyCollectionsForSerialization="false" /> </Context> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server> 这里面，failover的Memcached结点是n1，也就是说，如果tomcat-1和n1在同一台机器上的话，session数据会优先复制到存储到Memcached结点n2，这样即使n1所在的结点宕机了，n2所在结点仍然存储了之前的session数据。 tomcat-2/conf/server.xml [html] view plain copy <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <Server port="9085" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" /> <GlobalNamingResources> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <Service name="Catalina"> <Connector port="9088" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="9443" /> <Connector port="9089" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="9443" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase" /> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" deployOnStartup="true"> <Context docBase="/home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/webapps/session.war" path="/session" reloadable="true"> <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes="n1:192.168.1.104:11211,n2:192.168.1.104:11311" failoverNodes="n2" requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" sessionBackupAsync="false" sessionBackupTimeout="100" transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory" copyCollectionsForSerialization="false" /> </Context> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server> 和上面类似，failover的Memcached结点是n2，也就是说，如果tomcat-2和n2在同一台机器上的话，Session数据会优先复制到存储到Memcached结点n1，这样即使n2所在的结点宕机了，n1所在结点仍然存储了之前的Session数据。上面的配置实现了Tomcat集群中，通过Memcached实现了Sticky Session（粘性Session），主要是通过配置failover结点来达到目的的。如果采用Non-sticky Session方式，就不需要考虑failover的问题，详细配置扩参考文档（ https://code.google.com/p/memcached-session-manager/wiki/SetupAndConfiguration），下面截取一个片段：

The following example shows a configuration for non-sticky sessions. In this case there's no need for failoverNodes, as sessions are served by all tomcats round-robin and they're not bound to a single tomcat. For non-sticky sessions the configuration (for both/all tomcats) would look like this:

<Context> ... <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager" memcachedNodes="n1:host1.yourdomain.com:11211,n2:host2.yourdomain.com:11211" sticky="false" sessionBackupAsync="false" lockingMode="uriPattern:/path1|/path2" requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$" transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.kryo.KryoTranscoderFactory" /> </Context> 分别启动tomcat-1和tomcat-2，如下所示： [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ tomcat-1/bin/catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1 Using CATALINA_HOME: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/temp Using JRE_HOME: /home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30 Using CLASSPATH: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ tomcat-2/bin/catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2 Using CATALINA_HOME: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/temp Using JRE_HOME: /home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30 Using CLASSPATH: /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar 可以查看两个tomcat的启动日志，对比一下： tomcat-1的日志 [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ tail -100f tomcat-1/logs/catalina.out Jan 26, 2013 12:03:25 AM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/i386/client:/home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/i386:/home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/../lib/i386:/usr/java/packages/lib/i386:/lib:/usr/lib Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8088"] Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8089"] Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load INFO: Initialization processed in 1743 ms Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal INFO: Starting service Catalina Jan 26, 2013 12:03:26 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.26 Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService startInternal INFO: MemcachedSessionService starts initialization... (configured nodes definition n1:192.168.1.104:11211,n2:192.168.1.104:11311, failover nodes n1) 2013-01-26 00:03:27.441 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection: Added {QA sa=/192.168.1.104:11211, #Rops=0, #Wops=0, #iq=0, topRop=null, topWop=null, toWrite=0, interested=0} to connect queue 2013-01-26 00:03:27.442 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection: Added {QA sa=/192.168.1.104:11311, #Rops=0, #Wops=0, #iq=0, topRop=null, topWop=null, toWrite=0, interested=0} to connect queue Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.RequestTrackingHostValve <init> INFO: Setting ignorePattern to .*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$ 2013-01-26 00:03:27.459 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection: Connection state changed for sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl@5b0668 2013-01-26 00:03:27.460 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection: Connection state changed for sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl@1d5a0 Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService setLockingMode INFO: Setting lockingMode to null Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService createTranscoderFactory INFO: Creating transcoder factory de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService startInternal INFO: MemcachedSessionService finished initialization, sticky true, operation timeout 1000, with node ids [n2] and failover node ids [n1] Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/host-manager Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/manager Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/docs Jan 26, 2013 12:03:27 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/examples Jan 26, 2013 12:03:28 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-1/webapps/ROOT Jan 26, 2013 12:03:28 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8088"] Jan 26, 2013 12:03:28 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8089"] Jan 26, 2013 12:03:28 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start INFO: Server startup in 1487 ms tomcat-2的日志 [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ tail -100f tomcat-2/logs/catalina.out Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: /home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/i386/client:/home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/i386:/home/hadoop/installation/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/../lib/i386:/usr/java/packages/lib/i386:/lib:/usr/lib Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9088"] Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-9089"] Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load INFO: Initialization processed in 742 ms Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal INFO: Starting service Catalina Jan 26, 2013 12:04:34 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal INFO: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.26 Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGenerator createSecureRandom INFO: Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [33,094] milliseconds. Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService startInternal INFO: MemcachedSessionService starts initialization... (configured nodes definition n1:192.168.1.104:11211,n2:192.168.1.104:11311, failover nodes n2) 2013-01-26 00:05:07.873 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection: Added {QA sa=/192.168.1.104:11211, #Rops=0, #Wops=0, #iq=0, topRop=null, topWop=null, toWrite=0, interested=0} to connect queue 2013-01-26 00:05:07.876 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection: Added {QA sa=/192.168.1.104:11311, #Rops=0, #Wops=0, #iq=0, topRop=null, topWop=null, toWrite=0, interested=0} to connect queue Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.RequestTrackingHostValve <init> INFO: Setting ignorePattern to .*\.(png|gif|jpg|css|js)$ 2013-01-26 00:05:07.896 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection: Connection state changed for sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl@701a27 2013-01-26 00:05:07.897 INFO net.spy.memcached.MemcachedConnection: Connection state changed for sun.nio.ch.SelectionKeyImpl@1d5a0 Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService setLockingMode INFO: Setting lockingMode to null Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService createTranscoderFactory INFO: Creating transcoder factory de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory Jan 26, 2013 12:05:07 AM de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedSessionService startInternal INFO: MemcachedSessionService finished initialization, sticky true, operation timeout 1000, with node ids [n1] and failover node ids [n2] Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/host-manager Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/manager Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/docs Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/examples Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory INFO: Deploying web application directory /home/shirdrn/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached/tomcat-2/webapps/ROOT Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9088"] Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-9089"] Jan 26, 2013 12:05:08 AM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start INFO: Server startup in 34163 ms 已经成功启动了。 Nginx安装、配置、启动在Ubuntu系统下，如果没有安装Nginx，可以执行如下命令进行安装： [plain] view plain copy sudo apt-get install nginx 默认情况下，Nginx使用默认的配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，该配置文件直接包含了虚拟目录配置文件/etc/nginx/sites-available/default，修改该文件的内容为，如下所示： [plain] view plain copy # You may add here your # server { # ... # } # statements for each of your virtual hosts to this file ## # You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding # of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx. # http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls # http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart # http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration # # Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean # file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled. # # Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples. ## upstream dev.shirdrn.org { server 192.168.1.104:8088 weight=1; server 192.168.1.104:9088 weight=1; } server { #listen 80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied #listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6 root /usr/share/nginx/www/session; # session是我们配置的虚拟目录，实际直接指向Tomcat下名为session的web应用 index index.html index.htm; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ ####### server_name localhost; server_name dev.shirdrn.org; # Nginx服务所在主机 charset utf-8; location / { proxy_pass http://dev.shirdrn.org; #直接代理tomcat集群 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; client_max_body_size 100m; # First attempt to serve request as file, then # as directory, then fall back to index.html ####### try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules } location ~ ^/(WEB-INF)/ { # 禁止访问Tomcat下web应用的WEB-INF目录下的资源 deny all; } location /doc/ { alias /usr/share/doc/; autoindex on; allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } # Only for nginx-naxsi : process denied requests #location /RequestDenied { # For example, return an error code #return 418; #} #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; #location = /50x.html { # root /usr/share/nginx/www; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; # # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini # # # With php5-cgi alone: # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # # With php5-fpm: # fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; # fastcgi_index index.php; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # # location / { # try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443; # server_name localhost; # # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # # ssl on; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # # ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1; # ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv3:+EXP; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # # location / { # try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; # } #} 上面配置中根目录为/usr/share/nginx/www，因为我们使用到了一个虚拟目录来对应Tomcat下部署的web应用的path，所以需要在/usr/share/nginx/www下面创建这个对应的虚拟目录： [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/nginx/www/session 最后，可以启动Nginx服务器，执行如下命令： [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start 查询Nginx服务启动状态： [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~/servers/cluster/nginx_tomcat_memcached$ sudo ps -ef | grep nginx root 3199 1 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx www-data 3200 3199 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 3201 3199 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 3202 3199 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 3203 3199 0 Jan25 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process shirdrn 3327 3095 0 00:01 pts/5 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx 这是就可以通过Nginx访问（代理）Web应用首页了。集群验证上面配置完成，服务都已经启动成功，可以直接请求链接 http://dev.shirdrn.org/session，就会直接访问部署在Tomcat服务器上的Java Web应用，看到登录页面。使用前面准备的Web应用session中账号数据进行模拟登录，就可以查看Memcached缓存的数据： telnet 192.168.1.104 11211 telnet到memcached服务端口，查看缓存统计数据。 [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~$ telnet 192.168.1.104 11211 Trying 192.168.1.104... Connected to 192.168.1.104. Escape character is '^]'. ERROR stats STAT pid 3300 STAT uptime 2148 STAT time 1359131741 STAT version 1.4.13 STAT libevent 2.0.16-stable STAT pointer_size 32 STAT rusage_user 0.052003 STAT rusage_system 0.084005 STAT curr_connections 7 STAT total_connections 9 STAT connection_structures 8 STAT reserved_fds 20 STAT cmd_get 23 STAT cmd_set 6 STAT cmd_flush 0 STAT cmd_touch 0 STAT get_hits 2 STAT get_misses 21 STAT delete_misses 0 STAT delete_hits 0 STAT incr_misses 0 STAT incr_hits 0 STAT decr_misses 0 STAT decr_hits 0 STAT cas_misses 0 STAT cas_hits 0 STAT cas_badval 0 STAT touch_hits 0 STAT touch_misses 0 STAT auth_cmds 0 STAT auth_errors 0 STAT bytes_read 2675 STAT bytes_written 2835 STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864 STAT accepting_conns 1 STAT listen_disabled_num 0 STAT threads 4 STAT conn_yields 0 STAT hash_power_level 16 STAT hash_bytes 262144 STAT hash_is_expanding 0 STAT expired_unfetched 0 STAT evicted_unfetched 0 STAT bytes 858 STAT curr_items 2 STAT total_items 6 STAT evictions 0 STAT reclaimed 0 END telnet 192.168.1.104 11311 [plain] view plain copy shirdrn@dev:~$ telnet 192.168.1.104 11311 Trying 192.168.1.104... Connected to 192.168.1.104. Escape character is '^]'. stats STAT pid 3308 STAT uptime 2398 STAT time 1359132000 STAT version 1.4.13 STAT libevent 2.0.16-stable STAT pointer_size 32 STAT rusage_user 0.004000 STAT rusage_system 0.128008 STAT curr_connections 7 STAT total_connections 9 STAT connection_structures 8 STAT reserved_fds 20 STAT cmd_get 1 STAT cmd_set 2 STAT cmd_flush 0 STAT cmd_touch 0 STAT get_hits 0 STAT get_misses 1 STAT delete_misses 1 STAT delete_hits 0 STAT incr_misses 0 STAT incr_hits 0 STAT decr_misses 0 STAT decr_hits 0 STAT cas_misses 0 STAT cas_hits 0 STAT cas_badval 0 STAT touch_hits 0 STAT touch_misses 0 STAT auth_cmds 0 STAT auth_errors 0 STAT bytes_read 644 STAT bytes_written 2109 STAT limit_maxbytes 67108864 STAT accepting_conns 1 STAT listen_disabled_num 0 STAT threads 4 STAT conn_yields 0 STAT hash_power_level 16 STAT hash_bytes 262144 STAT hash_is_expanding 0 STAT expired_unfetched 1 STAT evicted_unfetched 0 STAT bytes 0 STAT curr_items 0 STAT total_items 2 STAT evictions 0 STAT reclaimed 1 END 我们可以停掉某个Tomcat服务，然后观察Session会话数据的复制过程，能够保证当前集群中的会话数据不丢失，另一个结点仍然能提供基于该存在Session的服务。参考链接 https://code.google.com/p/memcached-session-managerhttps://code.google.com/p/memcached-session-manager/wiki/SetupAndConfigurationhttp://code.google.com/p/kryo/http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Nginxhttp://www.iteye.com/topic/676347

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