HBase 相关API操练(一)：Shell操作

HBase 为用户提供了一个非常方便的使用方式, 我们称之为“HBase Shell”。

HBase Shell 提供了大多数的 HBase 命令, 通过 HBase Shell 用户可以方便地创建、删除及修改表, 还可以向表中添加数据、列出表中的相关信息等。

备注:写错 HBase Shell 命令时用键盘上的“Delete”进行删除,“Backspace”不起作用

在启动 HBase 之后,用户可以通过下面的命令进入 HBase Shell 之中,命令如下所示:

[hadoop@master hbase]$ bin/hbase shell 2018-06-04 16:35:46,762 INFO [main] Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands. Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell Version 0.98.19-hadoop2, r1e527e73bc539a04ba0fa4ed3c0a82c7e9dd7d15, Fri Apr 22 19:07:24 PDT 2016 hbase(main):001:0>

输入 help 可以看到命令分组。

部分命令清单。

下边分组举例 Shell 的各种操作。

general操作

查询 HBase 服务器状态 status。

hbase(main):002:0> status 2018-06-04 15:49:42,011 WARN [main] util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hbase-0.98.19/lib/phoenix-4.8.2-HBase-0.98-client.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hbase-0.98.19/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.4.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. 1 active master, 0 backup masters, 1 servers, 0 dead, 7.0000 average load

查询hbase版本 version

hbase(main):003:0> version 0.98.19-hadoop2, r1e527e73bc539a04ba0fa4ed3c0a82c7e9dd7d15, Fri Apr 22 19:07:24 PDT 2016

ddl操作

1、 创建一个表

hbase(main):004:0> create ‘member’,‘memeber_id’,‘address’,‘info’ 0 row(s) in 0.5980 seconds

=> Hbase::Table – member 2、 列出所有的表

hbase(main):005:0> list TABLE SYSTEM.CATALOG SYSTEM.FUNCTION SYSTEM.SEQUENCE SYSTEM.STATS member tvcount 6 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds => ["SYSTEM.CATALOG", "SYSTEM.FUNCTION", "SYSTEM.SEQUENCE", "SYSTEM.STATS", "member", "tvcount"]

3、 获得表的描述

hbase(main):008:0> describe 'member' Table member is ENABLED member COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0 ', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} {NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} {NAME => 'member_id', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} 3 row(s) in 0.0490 seconds

4、 删除一个列族： disable -> alter -> enable

hbase(main):013:0> disable 'member' 0 row(s) in 0.6500 seconds hbase(main):011:0> alter 'member',{NAME=>'member_id',METHOD=>'delete'} Updating all regions with the new schema... 1/1 regions updated. Done. 0 row(s) in 1.2610 seconds hbase(main):012:0> describe 'member' Table member is DISABLED member COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0 ', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} {NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} 2 row(s) in 0.0370 seconds hbase(main):013:0> enable 'member' 0 row(s) in 0.6500 seconds hbase(main):014:0> describe 'member' Table member is ENABLED member COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0 ', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} {NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} 2 row(s) in 0.0300 seconds

5、 查看表是否存在

hbase(main):015:0> exists 'member' true 0 row(s) in 0.0305 seconds

6、 判断表是否为‘enable’和‘disable’

hbase(main):018:0> is_enabled 'member' true 0 row(s) in 0.0200 seconds hbase(main):021:0> is_disabled 'member' false 0 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds

7、 删除一个表

hbase(main):013:0> disable 'member' 0 row(s) in 0.6500 seconds hbase(main):026:0> drop 'member' 0 row(s) in 0.2570 seconds hbase(main):027:0> list TABLE SYSTEM.CATALOG SYSTEM.FUNCTION SYSTEM.SEQUENCE SYSTEM.STATS tvcount 5 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds => ["SYSTEM.CATALOG", "SYSTEM.FUNCTION", "SYSTEM.SEQUENCE", "SYSTEM.STATS", "tvcount"]

dml操作

首先新建一个表

hbase(main):028:0> create 'member','address','info' 0 row(s) in 0.1550 seconds => Hbase::Table - member hbase(main):029:0> describe 'member' Table member is ENABLED member COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0 ', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} {NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', VERSIONS => '1', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '65536', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'} 2 row(s) in 0.0370 seconds

1、 插入几条记录

hbase(main):030:0> put 'member','zimo','info:age','28' 0 row(s) in 0.0750 seconds hbase(main):031:0> put 'member','zimo','info:birthday','1994-07-17' 0 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds hbase(main):032:0> put 'member','zimo','info:company','luoji' 0 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds hbase(main):033:0> put 'member','zimo','address:country','china' 0 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds hbase(main):034:0> put 'member','zimo','address:province','beijing' 0 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds hbase(main):035:0> put 'member','zimo','address:city','beijing' 0 row(s) in 0.0050 seconds

put命令比较简单，只有这一种用法： hbase> put ‘t1′, ‘r1′, ‘c1′, ‘value’, ts1 t1指表名，r1指行键名，c1指列名，value指单元格值。ts1指时间戳，一般都省略掉了。

重点内容2、 全表扫描 scan

hbase(main):036:0> scan 'member' ROW COLUMN+CELL zimo column=address:city, timestamp=1528100333405, value=beijing zimo column=address:country, timestamp=1528100280333, value=china zimo column=address:province, timestamp=1528100323616, value=beijing zimo column=info:age, timestamp=1528100120269, value=28 zimo column=info:birthday, timestamp=1528100169722, value=1994-07-17 zimo column=info:company, timestamp=1528100217095, value=luoji 1 row(s) in 0.0510 seconds

3、 获得数据 get

获得一行的所有数据 hbase(main):037:0> get 'member','zimo' COLUMN CELL address:city timestamp=1528100333405, value=beijing address:country timestamp=1528100280333, value=china address:province timestamp=1528100323616, value=beijing info:age timestamp=1528100120269, value=28 info:birthday timestamp=1528100169722, value=1994-07-17 info:company timestamp=1528100217095, value=luoji 6 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds 获得某行，某列族的所有数据 hbase(main):038:0> get 'member','zimo','info' COLUMN CELL info:age timestamp=1528100120269, value=28 info:birthday timestamp=1528100169722, value=1994-07-17 info:company timestamp=1528100217095, value=luoji 3 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds 获得某行，某列族，某列的所有数据 hbase(main):039:0> get 'member','zimo','info:company' COLUMN CELL info:company timestamp=1528100217095, value=luoji 1 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds

4、 更新一条记录 put（把scutshuxue年龄改为99）

hbase(main):040:0> put 'member','zimo','info:age','24' 0 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds

5、 删除 delete、 deleteall

删除行’zimo’, 列族为‘info’ 中age的值 hbase(main):042:0> delete 'member','zimo','info:age' 0 row(s) in 0.0280 seconds hbase(main):043:0> get 'member','zimo' COLUMN CELL address:city timestamp=1528100333405, value=beijing address:country timestamp=1528100280333, value=china address:province timestamp=1528100323616, value=beijing info:birthday timestamp=1528100169722, value=1994-07-17 info:company timestamp=1528100217095, value=luoji 5 row(s) in 0.0180 seconds 删除整行 deleteall 'member', 'zimo' **6、 查询表中有多少行** hbase(main):044:0> count 'member' 1 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds => 1

7、 将整个表清空

hbase(main):046:0> truncate 'member' Truncating 'member' table (it may take a while): - Disabling table... - Truncating table... 0 row(s) in 1.5320 seconds

可以看出，HBase 是通过先对表执行 disable，然后再执行 drop 操作后重建表来实现 truncate 的功能的。

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