weibo.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import scrapy from scrapy.http import Request import json import re import random from weibo_users.items import WeiboUsersItem class WeiboSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'weibo' allowed_domains = ['m.weibo.cn'] start_urls = ['https://m.weibo.cn'] # 初始用户 start_user = '2100773364' # 这个URL有用户信息也有发的微博，page可以用来获取微博 # user_info_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=107603{user_id}&page={page}' # 用户信息 user_info_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=107603{user_id}' # 关注人列表 follows_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=231051_-_followers_-_{user_id}&page={page}' # 粉丝列表 fans_url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?containerid=231051_-_fans_-_{user_id}&since_id={since_id}' def start_requests(self): """初始调用""" # 获取初始用户信息 yield Request(self.user_info_url.format(user_id=self.start_user), callback=self.parse_user_info) # 获取初始用户关注列表 yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user_id=self.start_user, page=1), callback=self.parse_follows) # 获取初始用户粉丝列表 yield Request(self.fans_url.format(user_id=self.start_user, since_id=1), callback=self.parse_fans) def parse_user_info(self, response): """获取用户信息""" cards = json.loads(response.text).get('data').get('cards') #获取cards标签 if cards: result = cards[0].get('mblog').get('user') #定位到cards第0个标签下的mblog标签下的user标签 if result: item = WeiboUsersItem() for field in item.fields: if field in result.keys(): item[field] = result.get(field) yield item # 对每个用户再获取他们的关注列表 yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user_id=item['id'], page=1), callback=self.parse_follows) # 对每个用户再获取他们的粉丝列表 yield Request(self.fans_url.format(user_id=item['id'], since_id=1), callback=self.parse_follows) def parse_follows(self, response): """获取关注列表""" cards = json.loads(response.text).get('data').get('cards') if cards: # 判断是否获取完全部关注人 for card in cards: if card.get('title') and '全部关注' in card.get('title'): result = card.get('card_group') for item in result: # 调用parse_user_info()获取用户信息 if item.get('user').get('id'): yield Request(self.user_info_url.format(user_id=item.get('user').get('id')), callback=self.parse_user_info) # 获取下一页关注的人 page = re.search('since_id=(\d+)', response.url) next_page = int(page.group(1)) + 1 if page else 2 yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user_id=self.start_user, page=str(next_page)), callback=self.parse_follows) def parse_fans(self, response): """获取粉丝列表""" cards = json.loads(response.text).get('data').get('cards') if cards: # 判断是否获取完全部粉丝 result = cards[0].get('card_group') for item in result: # 调用parse_user_info()获取用户信息 yield Request(self.user_info_url.format(user_id=item.get('user').get('id')), callback=self.parse_user_info) # 获取下一页粉丝 since_id = re.search('since_id=(\d+)', response.url) next_since_id = int(since_id.group(1)) + 1 if since_id else 2 yield Request(self.fans_url.format(user_id=self.start_user, since_id=next_since_id), callback=self.parse_fans)items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html from scrapy import Item, Field class WeiboUsersItem(Item): id = Field() # 用户ID screen_name = Field() # 用户名 profile_image_url = Field() # 头像地址 profile_url = Field() # 个人主页，地址是包括fid等东西的，其实有ID就能构造个人主页 follow_count = Field() # 关注数 followers_count = Field() # 粉丝数 gender = Field() # 性别 description = Field() # 简介main.py
from scrapy.cmdline import execute import sys import os sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) execute(["scrapy", "crawl", "weibo"])middware.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your spider middleware # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html from scrapy import signals import random class WeiboUsersSpiderMiddleware(object): # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined, # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the # passed objects. @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders. s = cls() crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened) return s def process_spider_input(self, response, spider): # Called for each response that goes through the spider # middleware and into the spider. # Should return None or raise an exception. return None def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider): # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after # it has processed the response. # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects. for i in result: yield i def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider): # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception. # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict # or Item objects. pass def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider): # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except # that it doesn’t have a response associated. # Must return only requests (not items). for r in start_requests: yield r def spider_opened(self, spider): spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name) class WeiboUsersDownloaderMiddleware(object): # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined, # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the # passed objects. @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders. s = cls() crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened) return s def process_request(self, request, spider): # Called for each request that goes through the downloader # middleware. # Must either: # - return None: continue processing this request # - or return a Response object # - or return a Request object # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of # installed downloader middleware will be called return None def process_response(self, request, response, spider): # Called with the response returned from the downloader. # Must either; # - return a Response object # - return a Request object # - or raise IgnoreRequest return response def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider): # Called when a download handler or a process_request() # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception. # Must either: # - return None: continue processing this exception # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain pass def spider_opened(self, spider): spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name) class RandomUserAgent(object): """根据预定义的列表随机更换用户代理""" def __init__(self, agents): self.agents = agents @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): return cls(crawler.settings.getlist('USER_AGENTS')) def process_request(self, request, spider): request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', random.choice(self.agents))pipeline.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define your item pipelines here # # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting # See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html import pymongo class MongoPipeline(object): collection_name = 'scrapy_items' def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db): self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri self.mongo_db = mongo_db @classmethod def from_crawler(cls, crawler): return cls( mongo_uri=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URI'), mongo_db=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DATABASE') ) def open_spider(self, spider): #爬虫一旦开启，就会实现这个方法，连接到数据库 self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri) self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db] def close_spider(self, spider): # 爬虫一旦关闭，就会实现这个方法，关闭数据库连接 self.client.close() def process_item(self, item, spider): #每个实现保存的类里面必须都要有这个方法，且名字固定，用来具体实现怎么保存 # update()起到去重的效果 self.db['user'].update({'id': item['id']}, {'$set': item}, True) return item settings.py # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Scrapy settings for weibo_users project # # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation: # # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html BOT_NAME = 'weibo_users' SPIDER_MODULES = ['weibo_users.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'weibo_users.spiders' MONGO_URI = 'localhost' MONGO_DATABASE = 'weibo' # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent # USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36' # Obey robots.txt rules ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 # CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default) COOKIES_ENABLED = False # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) # TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False # Override the default request headers: # DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { # 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36', # } # Enable or disable spider middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html # SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'weibo_users.middlewares.WeiboUsersSpiderMiddleware': 543, # } # Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'weibo_users.middlewares.RandomUserAgent': 1, } # Enable or disable extensions # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html # EXTENSIONS = { # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None, # } # Configure item pipelines # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'weibo_users.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300, } # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html # AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay # AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies # AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to # each remote server # AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: # AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings # HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True # HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 # HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache' # HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] # HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage' USER_AGENTS = [ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 " "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24" ]