Tkinker之Button篇

''' Created on 2017年8月30日 @author: Nick ''' #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ import tkinter as tk from tkinter import * #定义Button回调函数 def helloButton(): print('hello world!') def cb1(): print('button1 clicked') def cb2(event): print('button2 clicked') def cb3(): print('button3 clicked') def printEventInfo(event): print('event.time:'+ event.time) print('event.type:'+ event.type) print('event.Widgetld:'+ event.Widgetld) print('event.KeySymbol:'+ event.KeySymbol) def changeText(): if b['text'] == 'text': v.set('change') print('change') else: v.set('text') print('text') if __name__ == '__main__': root = tk.Tk() root.wm_title('Hello')#设置窗体标题 root.wm_minsize(400, 400)#设置窗口最小化大小 root.wm_maxsize(2800, 2800)#设置窗口最大化大小 root.resizable(width=False, height=True)#设置窗口宽度不可变，高度可变 ''' root['height'] = 300 #设置高 root['width'] = 500 #设置宽 root.title('魔方小站') #设置标题 root['bg'] = '#0099ff' #设置背景色 root.geometry('500x300') #设置窗口大小 是x不是* root.geometry("500x300+120+100") #设置窗口大小 并初始化桌面位置 root.resizable(width=False,height=True) #宽不可变 高可变 默认True root.minsize(300,600) #窗口可调整的最小值 root.maxsize(600,1200) #窗口可调整的最大值 root.attributes("-toolwindow", 1) #工具栏样式 root.attributes("-topmost", -1) #置顶窗口 root.state("zoomed") #窗口最大化 root.iconify() #窗口最小化 root.attributes("-alpha",1) #窗口透明化 透明度从0-1，1是不透明，0是全透明 root.iconbitmap('c:\\logo.ico') #设置左上角图标 ''' #app = App(root) ''' 1、执行的结果:每次点击一次，调用回调函数command，程序向标准输出打印'hello button',以上为Button使用方法 通过设置relief可以看到Button的不同效果,风格，也可以不加回调函数 FLAT, GROOVE, RAISED, RIDGE, SOLID, SUNKEN relief = FLAT设置，就是一个Label了！！！ ''' #在屏幕上创建一块矩形区域,多作为容器来布局窗体 fram_one = Frame(root) Button(fram_one,text = 'helloButton',command = helloButton).pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_one,text = 'helloButton',command = helloButton,relief = FLAT).pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_one,text = 'helloButton',command = helloButton,relief = GROOVE).pack(side=LEFT) Button(root,text = 'helloButton',command = helloButton,relief = RAISED).pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_one,text = 'helloButton',command = helloButton,relief = RIDGE).pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_one,text = 'helloButton',command = helloButton,relief = SOLID).pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_one,text = 'helloButton',command = helloButton,relief = SUNKEN).pack(side=RIGHT) fram_one.pack(side=TOP) """ 2、Button显示图像 image:可以使用gif图像，图像的加载方法img = PhotoImage(root,file = filepath bitmap:使用X11 格式的bitmap,Windows的Bitmap没法显示的，在Windows下使用GIMP2.4将windows Bitmap转换为xbm文件，依旧无法使用.linux下的X11 bitmap编辑器生成的bitmap还没有测试，但可 以使用内置的位图。 """ #3.与Label一样，Button也可以同时显示文本与图像，使用属性compound #图像居下,居上，居右，居左，文字位于图像之上 fram_two = Frame(root) Button(fram_two,text = 'botton',compound = 'bottom',bitmap = 'error').pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_two,text = 'top',compound = 'top',bitmap = 'error').pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_two,text = 'right',compound = 'right',bitmap = 'error').pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_two,text = 'left',compound = 'left',bitmap = 'error').pack(side=LEFT) Button(fram_two,text = 'center',compound = 'center',bitmap = 'error').pack(side=LEFT) fram_two.pack(side = TOP) ''' 4、上例中使用了bind方法，它建立事件与回调函数（响应函数）之间的关系，每当产生<Enter>事件 后，程序便自动的调用cb2，与cb1,cb3不同的是，它本身还带有一个参数----event,这个参数传递 响应事件的信息。 ''' fram_three = Frame(root) b1 = Button(fram_three,text = 'Button1',command = cb1) b2 = Button(fram_three,text = 'Button2') b2.bind("<Return>",cb2) b3 = Button(fram_three,text = 'Button3',command = cb3) b1.pack(side = LEFT) b2.pack(side = LEFT) b3.pack(side = LEFT) b2.focus_set() b = Button(fram_three,text = 'Infomation') b.bind("<Return>",printEventInfo) b.pack(side = LEFT) b.focus_set() fram_three.pack(side = TOP) ''' 5.指定Button的宽度与高度 width: 宽度 heigth: 高度 使用三种方式： 1.创建Button对象时，指定宽度与高度 2.使用属性width和height来指定宽度与高度 3.使用configure方法来指定宽度与高度 ''' fram_four = Frame(root) #方法1： Button1 = Button(fram_four,text = '按钮1',width = 50,height = 6) Button1.pack(side = LEFT) #方法2： Button2 = Button(fram_four,text = '按钮2') Button2['width'] = 30 Button2['height'] = 3 Button2.pack(side = LEFT) #方法 3： Button3 = Button(fram_four,text = '按钮3') Button3.configure(width = 10,height = 1) Button3.pack(side = LEFT) # 上述的三种方法同样也适合其他的控件 fram_four.pack(side = TOP) ''' 6.设置Button文本在控件上的显示位置 anchor： 使用的值为:n(north-上),s(south-下),w(west-左),e(east-右)和ne-右上,nw-左上,se-右下,sw-左下，就是地图上的标识位置了，使用 width和height属性是为了显示各个属性的不同。 ''' fram_five = Frame(root) for a in ['n','s','e','w','ne','nw','se','sw']: Button(fram_five,text = '按钮位置',anchor = a,width = 20,height = 2).pack(side = LEFT) fram_five.pack(side = TOP) #也可以单个设置 fram_six = Frame(root) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor1',width = 30,height =4).pack(side = LEFT) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor2',anchor = 'center',width = 30,height =4).pack(side = LEFT) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor3',anchor = 'n',width = 30,height = 4).pack(side = LEFT) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor4',anchor = 's',width = 30,height = 4).pack(side = LEFT) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor5',anchor = 'e',width = 30,height = 4).pack(side = LEFT) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor6',anchor = 'w',width = 30,height = 4).pack(side = BOTTOM) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor7',anchor = 'ne',width = 30,height = 4).pack(side = BOTTOM) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor8',anchor = 'nw',width = 30,height = 4).pack(side = BOTTOM) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor9',anchor = 'se',width = 30,height = 4).pack(side = BOTTOM) Button(fram_six,text = 'anchor10',anchor = 'sw',width = 30,height = 4).pack(side = BOTTOM) fram_six.pack(side = TOP) ''' 7.改变Button的前景色与背景色 fg: 前景色 bg：背景色 ''' fram_seven = Frame(root) Button(fram_seven,text = '前景色',width = 30,height = 5,fg = 'red').pack(side = LEFT) Button(fram_seven,text = '背景色',width = 30,height = 5,fg = 'green').pack(side = RIGHT) fram_seven.pack(side = TOP) ''' 8.设置Button的边框 bd(bordwidth):缺省为1或2个像素 ''' # 创建5个Button边框宽度依次为：0，2，4，6，8,10 fram_eight = Frame(root) for i in [0,2,4,6,8,10]: Button(fram_eight,text = '边框'+ str(i),command = helloButton,bd = i).pack(side = LEFT) fram_eight.pack(side = TOP) ''' 9.设置Button的风格 relief = flat/groove/raised/ridge/solid/sunken ''' fram_nine = Frame(root) for r in ['flat', 'groove', 'raised', 'ridge', 'solid', 'sunken']: Button(fram_nine,text = '风格'+ r,command = helloButton,relief = r).pack(side = LEFT) fram_nine.pack(side = TOP) ''' 10.设置Button状态 state = normal/active/disabled ''' fram_ten = Frame(root) for s in ['normal','active','disabled']: Button(fram_ten,text = '状态' + s,command = helloButton,state = s).pack(side =LEFT) fram_ten.pack(side = TOP) ''' 11.绑定Button与变量 设置Button在textvariable属性 ''' fram_elev = Frame(root) v = StringVar() v.set('change') Button(fram_elev,textvariable = v,command = changeText).pack(side = LEFT) fram_elev.pack(side =TOP) root.mainloop()