spring4之环境与profile

环境与profile

在Spring3.1版本中，spring引入了bean profile的功能。

配置profile bean

spring装配bean的三种主要方式：自动化配置、基于Java的显示配置以及基于XML的显式配置

Java配置中使用

下面是一个dev环境的配置

@Configuration @Profile("dev") public class DevelopmentProfileConfig { @Bean(destroyMethod= "shutdown") public DataSource dataSource() { return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).addScript("classpath:schema.sql") .addScript("classpatch:test-data.sql").build(); } }

通过注解@Profile("dev") 实现。它告诉Spring这个配置类中的bean只有在dev profile激活时才会创建。如果dev profile没有激活的话，那么带有@Bean注解的方法都会被忽略掉。 下面是一份production环境的配置

@Configuration @Profile("prod") public class ProductionProfileConfig { @Bean public DataSource dataSource() { JndiObjectFactoryBean jndiObjectFactoryBean = new JndiObjectFactoryBean(); jndiObjectFactoryBean.setJndiName("jdbc/myDS"); jndiObjectFactoryBean.setResourceRef(true); jndiObjectFactoryBean.setProxyInterface(DataSource.class); return (DataSource) jndiObjectFactoryBean.getObject(); } }

当然@Profile 注解也可以使用到方法上

@Configuration public class DataSourceConfig { @Profile("dev") @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown") public DataSource embeddedDataSource() { return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).addScript("classpath:schema.sql") .addScript("classpatch:test-data.sql").build(); } @Profile("prod") @Bean public DataSource jndiDataSource() { JndiObjectFactoryBean jndiObjectFactoryBean = new JndiObjectFactoryBean(); jndiObjectFactoryBean.setJndiName("jdbc/myDS"); jndiObjectFactoryBean.setResourceRef(true); jndiObjectFactoryBean.setProxyInterface(DataSource.class); return (DataSource) jndiObjectFactoryBean.getObject(); } }

也可以在xml配置文件中配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" profile="dev"> <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2"> <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" /> <jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql" /> </jdbc:embedded-database> </beans> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" profile="prod"> <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" lazy-init="true" jndi-name="jdbc/myDatabase" resource-ref="true" proxy-interface="javax.sql.DataSource" /> </beans>

还可以这样配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <beans profile="dev"> <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2"> <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" /> <jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql" /> </jdbc:embedded-database> </beans> <beans profile="prod"> <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" lazy-init="true" jndi-name="jdbc/myDatabase" resource-ref="true" proxy-interface="javax.sql.DataSource" /> </beans> </beans>

激活Profile

Spring在确定那个Profile处于激活状态时，需要依赖两个独立的属性：spring.profiles.active 和 spring.profiles.default 有多种方式设置这两个属性： - 作为DispatcherServlet的初始化参数 - 作为JNDI条目 - 作为环境变量 - 作为JVM的系统属性 - 在集成测试类上，使用 @ActiveProfiles

下面演示通过设置JVM的系统属性设置：

还可以在测试类上添加注解的方式：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes=DataSourceConfig.class) @ActiveProfiles(profiles="prod") public class PersistenceTest { @Test public void test() { } }