快速排序
 
 1.基本思路
 
 1)分解:将所需要排序的数组分为前后两部分,保证其中一部分元素均不大于另一部分的元素。
 
 2)递归:通过递归使用快速排序,对子数组进行排序;
 
 3)合并:合并子数组,组成原数组的一个排序。
 
  
 
 伪代码:
 
 quicksort(A,p,r)
    if (p < r)
       q = partition(A,p,r)
        quicksort(A,p,q-1)
        quicksort(A,q+1,r)
 //分解数组,使得前部分不大于后一部分
partition(A,p,r)
   x= A[r]
   i =p - 1
   for (j = p) to  (r-1)
       if (A[j] <= x) 
          i = i +_1
          exchange (A[i], A[j])
   exchange(A[i+1], A[x])
   return i+1 
 
   
  C++代码:
 
 //quicksort
// devide the array into two parts, the value of element in the pre-part is not 
// greater than one's in post-part.
int partition(int* A, int p, int r)
{
	int len = r - p;//the length of array
	int x = A[r]; //utilize the A[r] as the comparer
	int i = p - 1;
	int temp(0);
	for (int j = p; j < r ; ++j)
	{   
		// if the value of element is below the comparer,change its position.
		if (A[j] <= x)
		{
			i = i + 1;
			//exhchange A[i],A[j];
			temp = A[i];
			A[i] = A[j];
			A[j] = temp;
		}
	}
	//change A[r]'s position.
	temp = A[i+1];
	A[i+1] = A[r];
	A[r] = temp;
	return i + 1;
}
void quicksort(int* A, int p, int r) 
{
	if (p < r) 
	{
		int q = partition(A, p, r);
		quicksort(A, p, q - 1);
		quicksort(A, q + 1, r);
	}
}
int main()
{
	int A[] = { 2,8,7,1,3,5,6,4 };
	int p = 0;
	int r = 7;	
	quicksort(A, p, r);
	return 0;
}