最新十大web安全隐患-四年之后，OWASP发布新版本OWASP Top10 2017

OWASP Top10是什么？       OWASP项目最具权威的就是其”十大安全漏洞列表”。这个列表总结了Web应用程序最可能、最常见、最危险的十大漏洞，可以帮助IT公司和开发团队规范应用程序开发流程和测试流程，提高Web产品的安全性。       OWASP Top 10则是OWASP项目总结的 10大最关键Web应用安全隐患列表。     有什么新的变化？   OWASP（开放式Web应用程序安全项目）近日公布2017 OWASP Top10（十大安全漏洞列表），增加了3个新分类。       开放网络应用程序安全项目（OWASP）在2013年发布了最新版本的臭名昭着的前10名漏洞排名。     OWASP Top 10不是官方文档或标准，而只是一个被广泛采用的意识文档，被用来分类网络安全漏洞的严重程度，目前被许多漏洞奖励平台和企业安全团队评估 错误 报告。     OWASP多年来经历了几次迭代。 OWASP Top 10的版本分别在2004年，2007年，2010年，2013年和2017年发布。        与往年一样，注入仍然是应用程序安全风险的首要 问题 ，但排名却出现了一些混乱，出现了三名新成员 -  XML外部实体（XXE）、不安全的反序列化、不足的记录和监控 。     同前几年一样，排名是根据用户意见和公开讨论编写的。     下面是一个描述每个漏洞的列表，以及比较OWASP 2017 Top 10和旧版迭代的表格。           A1:2017-Injection   Injection flaws, such as SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection, occur when untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query. The attacker’s hostile data can trick the interpreter into executing unintended commands or accessing data without proper authorization.   A2:2017-Broken Authentication   Application functions related to authentication and session management are often implemented incorrectly, allowing attackers to compromise passwords, keys, or session tokens, or to exploit other implementation flaws to assume other users’ identities temporarily or permanently.   A3:2017-Sensitive Data Exposure   Many web applications and APIs do not properly protect sensitive data, such as financial, healthcare, and PII. Attackers may steal or modify such weakly protected data to conduct credit card fraud, identity theft, or other crimes. Sensitive data may be compromised without extra protection, such as encryption at rest or in transit, and requires special precautions when exchanged with the browser.   A4:2017-XML External Entities (XXE)   Many older or poorly configured XML processors evaluate external entity references within XML documents. External entities can be used to disclose internal files using the file URI handler, internal file shares, internal port scanning, remote code execution, and denial of service attacks.   A5:2017-Broken Access Control   Restrictions on what authenticated users are allowed to do are often not properly enforced. Attackers can exploit these flaws to access unauthorized functionality and/or data, such as access other users' accounts, view sensitive files, modify other users’ data, change access rights, etc.   A6:2017-Security Misconfiguration   Security misconfiguration is the most commonly seen issue. This is commonly a result of insecure default configurations, incomplete or ad hoc configurations, open cloud storage, misconfigured HTTP headers, and verbose error messages containing sensitive information. Not only must all operating systems, frameworks, libraries, and applications be securely configured, but they must be patched and upgraded in a timely fashion.   A7:2017-Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)   XSS flaws occur whenever an application includes untrusted data in a new web page without proper validation or escaping, or updates an existing web page with user-supplied data using a browser API that can create HTML or JavaScript. XSS allows attackers to execute scripts in the victim’s browser which can hijack user sessions, deface web sites, or redirect the user to malicious sites.   A8:2017-Insecure Deserialization   Insecure deserialization often leads to remote code execution. Even if deserialization flaws do not result in remote code execution, they can be used to perform attacks, including replay attacks, injection attacks, and privilege escalation attacks.   A9:2017-Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities   Components, such as libraries, frameworks, and other software modules, run with the same privileges as the application. If a vulnerable component is exploited, such an attack can facilitate serious data loss or server takeover. Applications and APIs using components with known vulnerabilities may undermine application defenses and enable various attacks and impacts.   A10:2017-Insufficient Logging & Monitoring   Insufficient logging and monitoring, coupled with missing or ineffective integration with incident response, allows attackers to further attack systems, maintain persistence, pivot to more systems, and tamper, extract, or destroy data. Most breach studies show time to detect a breach is over 200 days, typically detected by external parties rather than internal processes or monitoring.       从2003发展至2017，历年OWASP Top 10以及对应关系如下表所示。             OWASP Top 10项目对现有的安全问题从威胁和脆弱性进行可能性分析，并结合技术和商业影响的分析，输出目前一致公认、最严重的十类web应用安全风险排名，并提出安全解决方案和建议。Top 10是一个高度提炼的web安全最佳实践输出，现实的意义在于帮助和指导开发者、安全测试人员、web应用安全管理团队、运维团队，提高风险意识，降低业务 系统 安全风险。同时其对于安全厂商的产品能力提升也有指导意义。       对于企业业务系统Web安全风险管理以及企业整体 信息 安全建设，从来没有终点，我们希望云上用户关注对照此表利用好最佳实践，结合 自 身环境，多方位持续性的自查风险、改善，采取有重点的保护防范措施，在人、技术、流程三维度以提高业务系统安全性。         阿里云Web应用防火墙轻松应对Web漏洞攻击防护，详情请点击WAF介绍