Nagios监控设备
*Nagios能有效监控Windows、Linux和Unix的主机状态，交换机路由器等网络设备 *特点： (1)监控网络服务(SMTP|POP3|HTTP|TCP|ping等) (2)监控主机资源(CPU|负载|IO状况|虚拟及正式磁盘利用率等) (3)简单的插件设计模式，监控自己特定的软件 (4)并行服务检查机制 (5)当服务或主机问题产生与解决后将警告发送给联系人 (6)自动日志回滚 (7)具备定义时间句柄功能，它可以在主机或者服务器的事件发生时获取更多的问题定位 (8)支持并行实现对主机冗余监控(分布式监控) (9)可选的WEB界面用于查看当前的网络状态、通知和故障历史、日志文件等常见的监控软件及特点
mrtg：早期最主要的是处理网站带宽流量图、历史趋势图等 nagios：主要特色就算专注与报警，也可配合pnp，cacti，hyperic出图等|特别适合大量服务器上的大批服务检测是否正常 cacti：出图，历史趋势图(通过rrdtool软件)，可通过插件实现报警，但是功能比较弱，故障分析较差 zabbix：出图报警软件，出图通过php绘制程序 munin：专注于历史趋势图 hyperic：基于java的监控软件Nagios监控家族成员的组成
*Nagios监控一般有一个主程序(nagios)、一个程序插件(nagios-plugins)和一些可选的附加程序(NRPE|NSClient++、和NDOUtils)等 (1)NRPE:工作于被监控端，一般为linux/unix系统上，用于在被监控的远程linux/unix主机上执行插件脚本获取数据回传给服务端，实现对主机资源的监控，存在形式是守护进程模式，开启的端口是5666 (2)NSClient++:工作于windows系统的被监控端，作用相当于linux下的NRPE (3)NDOUtils:工作于nagios服务器端，用于将nagios的配置信息和各event产生的数据存入数据库以实现对这些数据的检索和处理,(不推荐使用,把数据放在数据库没有任何好处，数据库宕机了，监控就失效了，配置也就不那么智能了等 (4)NSCA：需要同时安装在nagios的服务端的客户端，纯被动式的监控，用于让被监控的远程主机，主动将监控到的信息发送给Ngagios服务端(在分布式集群模式中要用到，200台服务器以内可以不用)实验环境
server2：RS server3|server4：Client selinux Disabled iptables off 做好时间同步解决perl的编译问题
[root@server2 ~]# echo 'export LC_ALL=C'>>/etc/profile [root@server2 ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile export LC_ALL=C [root@server2 ~]# source /etc/profile [root@server2 ~]# echo $LC_ALL C [root@server2 ~]#在server2中
[root@server2 ~]# yum install gcc glibc-common glibc gd gd-devel php* httpd -y ..... gcc glibc-common glibc | 编译软件升级 gd gd-devel | 用于pnp出图包 ..... [root@server2 ~]# yum install mysql* -y安装Nagio主程序
nagios下载地址 https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/ [root@server2 ~]# tar zxf nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz [root@server2 ~]# cd nagios [root@server2 nagios]# ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd ..... Review the options above for accuracy. If they look okay, type 'make all' to compile the main program and CGIs. ..... [root@server2 nagios]# make all ..... http://support.nagios.com ************************************************************* Enjoy. ..... [root@server2 nagios]# make install ..... make install-init - This installs the init script in /etc/rc.d/init.d make install-commandmode - This installs and configures permissions on the directory for holding the external command file make install-config - This installs sample config files in /usr/local/nagios/etc make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/nagios' ..... *根据提示，还需要做如下几步 [root@server2 nagios]# make install-init [root@server2 nagios]# make install-commandmode [root@server2 nagios]# make install-config 生成nagios对应于apache里的配置 [root@server2 nagios]# make install-webconf ..... /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 sample-config/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf *** Nagios/Apache conf file installed *** ..... [root@server2 nagios]# more /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf ..... # SAMPLE CONFIG SNIPPETS FOR APACHE WEB SERVER # Last Modified: 11-26-2005 # # This file contains examples of entries that need # to be incorporated into your Apache web server # configuration file. Customize the paths, etc. as # needed to fit your system. ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin" <Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"> # SSLRequireSSL Options ExecCGI AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # Allow from 127.0.0.1 AuthName "Nagios Access" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users #登陆nagios的web界面所需用户和密码存放位置 Require valid-user ..... [root@server2 nagios]# *设置登陆web界面时所需的账户和密码 [root@server2 nagios]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users xmj New password: Re-type new password: Adding password for user xmj [root@server2 nagios]# cat /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users xmj:kGA87J7l.CBaI [root@server2 nagios]#*需要刚才设置的账户和密码登陆 *此时任意点开会是这种状态
安装插件软件包
安装nagios-plugins
nagios-plugins下载地址：https://nagios-plugins.org/downloads/ [root@server2 ~]# tar zxf nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz [root@server2 ~]# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.16 [root@server2 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --with-myaql=/usr/bin/mysql --prefix=/usr/local/nagios [root@server2 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# make [root@server2 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# make install [root@server2 ~]# ll /usr/local/nagios/libexec/ | wc -l #插件存放位置 60[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios start Starting nagios: done. [root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig #检查语法 Running configuration check... OK. [root@server2 ~]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg #检查语法，显示出详细信息 [root@server2 ~]# ps -ef | grep nagios nagios 26898 1 0 20:28 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg #nagios启动命令|配置文件 root 26904 1186 0 20:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nagios [root@server2 ~]#*表示安装成功
*注： 如果出现其它 Internet Server Error 页面 注意自己的iptables|selinux状态安装nrpe
*客户端软件 *服务端需要check——nrpe插件(用来和客户端nrpe进行对话) nrpe下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nrpe-2.x/ [root@server2 ~]# tar zxf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz [root@server2 ~]# cd nrpe-2.12 [root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# ./configure [root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# make all [root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# make install-plugin [root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon [root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon-config [root@server2 ~]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe [root@server2 ~]#和nagios服务端相比
不需lamp环境|nagios主程序|gcc|glibc|glibc-common|gd|gd-devel|mysql*|httpd|php|php-gd安装：nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
[root@server4 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --with-perl-modules [root@server4 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# make [root@server4 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# make install 如果报错：perl 模块相关错误 yum install perl-C*安装：nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
[root@server3 ~]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/ [root@server3 etc]# cp nrpe.cfg nrpe.cfg.ori [root@server3 etc]# vim nrpe.cfg # nrpe 配置文件 [root@server3 etc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d #后台启动 nrpe [root@server3 etc]# ps -ef | grep nrpe nagios 1657 1 0 19:35 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d root 1659 1062 0 19:35 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nrpe [root@server3 etc]# lsof -i :5666 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME nrpe 1657 nagios 4u IPv4 13374 0t0 TCP *:5666 (LISTEN) [root@server3 etc]#安装相关插件：
[root@server3 ~]# tar zxfv Params-Validate-0.91.tar.gz [root@server3 ~]# tar zxvf Class-Accessor-0.31.tar.gz [root@server3 ~]# tar zxvf Config-Tiny-2.12.tar.gz [root@server3 ~]# tar zxvf Math-Calc-Units-1.07.tar.gz [root@server3 ~]# tar zxvf Regexp-Common-2010010201.tar.gz [root@server3 ~]# cd Params-Validate-0.91 [root@server3 Params-Validate-0.91]# perl Makefile.PL [root@server3 Params-Validate-0.91]# make [root@server3 Params-Validate-0.91]# make install [root@server3 ~]# yum install sysstat -y监控物理组件的高级命令
内存：top|iostat|sar|free|vmstat|mpstat CPU:top|vmstat|mpstat|iostat|sar I/O:|vmstat|mpstat|iostat|sar 进程：ipcs|ipcrm 负载：uptime配置 nagios 服务端
[root@server2 ~]# tree /usr/local/nagios/etc/ # nagios 相关配置文件 /usr/local/nagios/etc/ |-- cgi.cfg |-- htpasswd.user |-- htpasswd.users |-- nagios.cfg #nagios主配置文件 |-- nrpe.cfg #客户端配置文件 |-- objects | |-- commands.cfg | |-- contacts.cfg | |-- localhost.cfg | |-- printer.cfg | |-- switch.cfg | |-- templates.cfg | |-- timeperiods.cfg | `-- windows.cfg `-- resource.cfg 1 directory, 14 files [root@server2 etc]# cp nagios.cfg nagios.cfg.ori [root@server2 etc]# vim nagios.cfg [root@server2 etc]# pwd /usr/local/nagios/etc [root@server2 etc]# cd objects/ [root@server2 objects]# head -51 localhost.cfg > hosts.cfg [root@server2 objects]# touch service.cfg [root@server2 objects]# chown nagios.nagios hosts.cfg service.cfg [root@server2 objects]# ll total 52 -rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 7716 Jun 6 17:03 commands.cfg -rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 2166 Jun 6 17:03 contacts.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 nagios nagios 1870 Jun 9 20:15 hosts.cfg -rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 5403 Jun 6 17:03 localhost.cfg -rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 3124 Jun 6 17:03 printer.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 nagios nagios 0 Jun 9 20:15 service.cfg -rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 3293 Jun 6 17:03 switch.cfg -rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 10812 Jun 6 17:03 templates.cfg -rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 3208 Jun 6 17:03 timeperiods.cfg -rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 4019 Jun 6 17:03 windows.cfg [root@server2 objects]# vim hosts.cfg ..... define host{ use linux-server host_name server2 alias server2 address 172.25.66.2 } define host{ use linux-server host_name server3 alias server3 address 172.25.66.3 ..... } define hostgroup{ hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup alias Linux Servers ; Long name of the group members server2,server3 } ..... [root@server2 objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig Running configuration check... CONFIG ERROR! Check your Nagios configuration. [root@server2 objects]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg [root@server2 objects]# vim services.cfg ..... define service{ use generic-service host_name server2 service_description Current Load check_command check_nrpe!check_load max_check_attempts 2 normal_check_interval 4 retry_check_interval 4 check_period 24x7 notification_interval 1440 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,u,c,r contact_groups admins process_perf_data ..... [root@server2 objects]# vi commands.cfg ..... # 'check_nrpe' command definition define command{ command_name check_nrpe command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$ } ..... [root@server2 objects]# ll /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -rwxrwxr-x 1 nagios nagios 76736 Jun 6 21:34 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe [root@server2 objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios start Starting nagios: done. [root@server2 objects]# vi ../cgi.cfg +119 ..... authorized_for_system_information=xmj authorized_for_configuration_information=xmj authorized_for_all_services=xmj authorized_for_all_hosts=xmj ..... [root@server2 objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios reload Running configuration check...done. Reloading nagios configuration...done [root@server2 objects]#