问题描述：kubuntu 17.04 通过 pip 安装 Django ，由于 pip 版本问题导致安装失败，参考stackoverflow上的解决方法搞定该问题。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37495375/python-pip-install-throws-typeerror-unsupported-operand-types-for-retry
Ubuntu comes with a version of PIP from precambrian and that's how you have to upgrade it if you do not want to spend hours and hours debugging pip related issues.
apt-get remove python-pip python3-pip wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py python get-pip.py python3 get-pip.pyAs you observed I included information for both Python 2.x and 3.x
(ll_env) dechao@x230:~/my_python/learning_log$ pip install Django Collecting Django Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 353, in run wb.build(autobuilding=True) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 749, in build self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies)) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 554, in _prepare_file require_hashes File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 278, in populate_link self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/index.py", line 465, in find_requirement all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/index.py", line 423, in find_all_candidates for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name): File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/index.py", line 568, in _get_pages page = self._get_page(location) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/index.py", line 683, in _get_page return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/index.py", line 792, in get_page "Cache-Control": "max-age=600", File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 501, in get return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/download.py", line 386, in request return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 488, in request resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 609, in send r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/share/python-wheels/CacheControl-0.11.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl/cachecontrol/adapter.py", line 47, in send resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/adapters.py", line 423, in send timeout=timeout File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 643, in urlopen _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]) File "/home/dechao/my_python/learning_log/ll_env/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 315, in increment total -= 1 TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -=: 'Retry' and 'int'
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(ll_env)dechao@x230:~/my_python/learning_log$ sudo apt-get remove python-pip 正在读取软件包列表... 完成 正在分析软件包的依赖关系树 正在读取状态信息... 完成 下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了： libpython-all-dev linux-headers-4.10.0-19 linux-headers-4.10.0-19-generic linux-headers-4.10.0-22 linux-headers-4.10.0-22-generic linux-image-4.10.0-19-generic linux-image-4.10.0-22-generic linux-image-extra-4.10.0-19-generic linux-image-extra-4.10.0-22-generic python-all python-all-dev python-cffi-backend python-cryptography python-enum34 python-idna python-ipaddress python-keyring python-keyrings.alt python-pyasn1 python-secretstorage python-six python-wheel 使用'sudo apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。 下列软件包将被【卸载】： python-pip 升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 0 个软件包，要卸载 1 个软件包，有 0 个软件包未被升级。 解压缩后将会空出 671 kB 的空间。 您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] y (正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 285591 个文件和目录。) 正在卸载 python-pip (9.0.1-2) ... 正在处理用于 man-db (2.7.6.1-2) 的触发器 ...
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(ll_env)dechao@x230:~/my_python/learning_log$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --2017-07-10 09:43:34-- https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py 正在解析主机 bootstrap.pypa.io (bootstrap.pypa.io)... 151.101.72.175 正在连接 bootstrap.pypa.io (bootstrap.pypa.io)|151.101.72.175|:443... 已连接。 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK 长度： 1595408 (1.5M) [text/x-python] 正在保存至: “get-pip.py” get-pip.py 100%[==========================================================>] 1.52M 426KB/s in 3.7s 2017-07-10 09:43:38 (426 KB/s) - 已保存 “get-pip.py” [1595408/1595408])
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(ll_env)dechao@x230:~/my_python/learning_log$ sudo python get-pip.py The directory '/home/dechao/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. The directory '/home/dechao/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag. Collecting pip Downloading pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.3MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.3MB 343kB/s Installing collected packages: pip Successfully installed pip-9.0.1 =====
(ll_env) dechao@x230:~/my_python/learning_log$ pip install Django Collecting Django Using cached Django-1.11.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting pytz (from Django) Using cached pytz-2017.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Installing collected packages: pytz, Django Successfully installed Django-1.11.3 pytz-2017.2
