ArrayList简介

ArrayList与Collection的关系：

java.lang.Object ↳ java.util.AbstractCollection<E> ↳ java.util.AbstractList<E> ↳ java.util.ArrayList<E> public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {} ArrayList继承了AbstractList，实现了List。它是一个数组队列，相当于动态数组。提供了相关的添加、删除、修改和遍历等功能。 ArrayList实现了RandomAccess接口，即提供了随机访问功能。RandomAccess是Java中用来被List实现，为List提供快速访问功能的。在ArrayList中，我们即可以通过元素的序号来快速获取元素对象，这就是快速随机访问。 ArrayList实现了Cloneable接口，即覆盖了函数clone()，能被克隆。 ArrayList实现了java.io.Serializable接口，这意味着ArrayList支持序列化，能通过序列化去传输。 和Vector不同，ArrayList中的操作是非线程安全的。所以建议在单线程中使用ArrayList，在多线程中选择Vector或者CopyOnWriteArrayList。 //默认的初始容量为10 private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10; //空数组 private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; ///默认空数组,当调用无参数构造函数的时候默认给个空数组 private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; //这才是真正保存数据的数组 transient Object[] elementData; //arrayList的实际元素数量 private int size; /****************** ArrayList中的构造函数 ***************/ // 默认构造函数 ArrayList() // capacity是ArrayList的默认容量大小。当由于增加数据导致容量不足时，容量会添加上一次容量大小的一半。 ArrayList(int capacity) // 创建一个包含collection的ArrayList ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> collection) /****************** ArrayList中的API ********************/ // Collection中定义的API boolean add(E object) boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> collection) void clear() boolean contains(Object object) boolean containsAll(Collection<?> collection) boolean equals(Object object) int hashCode() boolean isEmpty() Iterator<E> iterator() boolean remove(Object object) boolean removeAll(Collection<?> collection) boolean retainAll(Collection<?> collection) int size() <T> T[] toArray(T[] array) Object[] toArray() // AbstractCollection中定义的API void add(int location, E object) boolean addAll(int location, Collection<? extends E> collection) E get(int location) int indexOf(Object object) int lastIndexOf(Object object) ListIterator<E> listIterator(int location) ListIterator<E> listIterator() E remove(int location) E set(int location, E object) List<E> subList(int start, int end) // ArrayList新增的API Object clone() void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) void trimToSize() void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) //默认构造函数 public ArrayList() { this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } //构造函数1---带容量大小的构造函数 public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) { if (initialCapacity > 0) { //创建新数组，指定数组大小 this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; } else if (initialCapacity == 0) { this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity); } } //构造函数---构造一个包含指定collection元素的列表，这些元素是按collection迭代器返回他们的顺序排列的 public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) { elementData = c.toArray(); if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) { // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652) if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class); } else { // replace with empty array. this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; } } //将当前容量设为实际容量 public void trimToSize() { modCount++; //fast-fail机制,访问中如果修改集合会抛出 ConcurrentModificationException 异常 if (size < elementData.length) { elementData = (size == 0) ? EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA : Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); } } //增加容量为minCapacity public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) { int minExpand = (elementData != DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) ? 0 : DEFAULT_CAPACITY; if (minCapacity > minExpand) { ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity); } } private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) { minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); } ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity); } private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) { modCount++; if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) grow(minCapacity); } //可分配的最大容量 private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; //每次重新分配内存时，新的容量为旧的1.5倍 //但是如果分配后超过可以分配的内存范围分配Integer.MAX_VALUE大小 ,则比较要分配的和最大可分配的容量大小,如果大于分配Integer.MAX_VALUE，如果小于，分配最大容量大小 private void grow(int minCapacity) { int oldCapacity = elementData.length; int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minCapacity; if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); } private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow throw new OutOfMemoryError(); return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; } //返回容量大小 public int size() { return size; } //是否为空 public boolean isEmpty() { return size == 0; } //是否包含o public boolean contains(Object o) { return indexOf(o) >= 0; } //返回指定元素位置，若没有返回-1,查找的元素容许为null public int indexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; } //返回指定元素位置，若没有返回-1,查找的元素容许为null public int lastIndexOf(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; } //克隆函数 public Object clone() { try { ArrayList<?> v = (ArrayList<?>) super.clone(); v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); v.modCount = 0; return v; } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { // this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable throw new InternalError(e); } } //转换成数组 public Object[] toArray() { return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size); } //返回ArrayList的模板数组 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { //如果数组a的大小 < ArrayList的元素个数， //则新建一个T[]数组，大小为ArrayList元素个数，并将“ArrayList”全部拷贝到新数组中。 if (a.length < size) return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, a.getClass()); //如果数组a的大小 >= ArrayList的元素个数， //则将ArrayList全部拷贝到新数组a中。 System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, size); if (a.length > size) a[size] = null; return a; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E elementData(int index) { return (E) elementData[index]; } //获取index位置的元素值 public E get(int index) { rangeCheck(index);//首先判断index的范围是否合法 return elementData(index); } //将index位置的值设为element，并返回原来的值 public E set(int index, E element) { rangeCheck(index); E oldValue = elementData(index); elementData[index] = element; return oldValue; } //将e添加到ArrayList中 public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! elementData[size++] = e; return true; } //将element添加到ArrayList的指定位置 public void add(int index, E element) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); //将index以及index之后的数据复制到index+1的位置往后，即从index开始向后挪了一位 System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index); elementData[index] = element; size++; } //删除ArrayList指定位置的元素 public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); modCount++; E oldValue = elementData(index); int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) //向左挪一位，index位置原来的数据已经被覆盖了 System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); //多出来的最后一位删掉 elementData[--size] = null; return oldValue; } //删除ArrayList中指定的元素 public boolean remove(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) if (elementData[index] == null) { fastRemove(index); return true; } } else { for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) if (o.equals(elementData[index])) { fastRemove(index); return true; } } return false; } //private的快速删除与上面的public普通删除区别在于，没有进行边界判断以及不返回删除值 private void fastRemove(int index) { modCount++; int numMoved = size - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work } public void clear() { modCount++; // clear to let GC do its work for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) elementData[i] = null; size = 0; } //将集合C中所有的元素添加到ArrayList中 public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; } //从index位置开始，将集合C中所欲的元素添加到ArrayList中 public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount int numMoved = size - index; if (numMoved > 0) //将index开始向后的所有数据，向后移动numNew个位置，给新插入的数据腾出空间 System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved); System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew); size += numNew; return numNew != 0; } //删除从fromIndex到toIndex之间的数据，不包括toIndex位置的数据 protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { modCount++; int numMoved = size - toIndex; System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex, numMoved); // clear to let GC do its work int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex); for (int i = newSize; i < size; i++) { elementData[i] = null; } size = newSize; } //范围检测 private void rangeCheck(int index) { if (index >= size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } //add和addAll方法中的范围检测 private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { if (index > size || index < 0) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size; } //删除ArrayList中所有集合C中包含的数据 public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) { Objects.requireNonNull(c); return batchRemove(c, false); } //删除ArrayList中除了集合C中包含的数据外的其他所有数据 public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) { Objects.requireNonNull(c); return batchRemove(c, true); } //批量删除 private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) { final Object[] elementData = this.elementData; int r = 0, w = 0; boolean modified = false; try { for (; r < size; r++) if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement) elementData[w++] = elementData[r]; } finally { // Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection, // even if c.contains() throws. if (r != size) { System.arraycopy(elementData, r, elementData, w, size - r); w += size - r; } if (w != size) { // clear to let GC do its work for (int i = w; i < size; i++) elementData[i] = null; modCount += size - w; size = w; modified = true; } } return modified; } //java.io.Serializable的写入函数 //将ArrayList的“容量、所有的元素值”都写入到输出流中 private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException{ // Write out element count, and any hidden stuff int expectedModCount = modCount; s.defaultWriteObject(); // Write out size as capacity for behavioural compatibility with clone() s.writeInt(size); // Write out all elements in the proper order. for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { s.writeObject(elementData[i]); } if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } //java.io.Serializable的读取函数：根据写入方式读出 private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException { elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA; // Read in size, and any hidden stuff s.defaultReadObject(); // Read in capacity s.readInt(); // ignored if (size > 0) { // be like clone(), allocate array based upon size not capacity ensureCapacityInternal(size); Object[] a = elementData; // Read in all elements in the proper order. for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { a[i] = s.readObject(); } } } /******************* Iterators ***/ //迭代器 public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) { if (index < 0 || index > size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index); return new ListItr(index); } public ListIterator<E> listIterator() { return new ListItr(0); } public Iterator<E> iterator() { return new Itr(); } private class Itr implements Iterator<E> { int cursor; // index of next element to return int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such int expectedModCount = modCount; public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != size; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E next() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor; if (i >= size) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i + 1; return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; } public void remove() { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet); cursor = lastRet; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } @Override @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) { Objects.requireNonNull(consumer); final int size = ArrayList.this.size; int i = cursor; if (i >= size) { return; } final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) { consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]); } // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic cursor = i; lastRet = i - 1; checkForComodification(); } final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } private class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> { ListItr(int index) { super(); cursor = index; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return cursor != 0; } public int nextIndex() { return cursor; } public int previousIndex() { return cursor - 1; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E previous() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor - 1; if (i < 0) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i; return (E) elementData[lastRet = i]; } public void set(E e) { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { ArrayList.this.set(lastRet, e); } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } public void add(E e) { checkForComodification(); try { int i = cursor; ArrayList.this.add(i, e); cursor = i + 1; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } } public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); return new SubList(this, 0, fromIndex, toIndex); } static void subListRangeCheck(int fromIndex, int toIndex, int size) { if (fromIndex < 0) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("fromIndex = " + fromIndex); if (toIndex > size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("toIndex = " + toIndex); if (fromIndex > toIndex) throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex + ") > toIndex(" + toIndex + ")"); } private class SubList extends AbstractList<E> implements RandomAccess { private final AbstractList<E> parent; private final int parentOffset; private final int offset; int size; SubList(AbstractList<E> parent, int offset, int fromIndex, int toIndex) { this.parent = parent; this.parentOffset = fromIndex; this.offset = offset + fromIndex; this.size = toIndex - fromIndex; this.modCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; } public E set(int index, E e) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); E oldValue = ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); ArrayList.this.elementData[offset + index] = e; return oldValue; } public E get(int index) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); return ArrayList.this.elementData(offset + index); } public int size() { checkForComodification(); return this.size; } public void add(int index, E e) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); checkForComodification(); parent.add(parentOffset + index, e); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size++; } public E remove(int index) { rangeCheck(index); checkForComodification(); E result = parent.remove(parentOffset + index); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size--; return result; } protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { checkForComodification(); parent.removeRange(parentOffset + fromIndex, parentOffset + toIndex); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size -= toIndex - fromIndex; } public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { return addAll(this.size, c); } public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { rangeCheckForAdd(index); int cSize = c.size(); if (cSize==0) return false; checkForComodification(); parent.addAll(parentOffset + index, c); this.modCount = parent.modCount; this.size += cSize; return true; } public Iterator<E> iterator() { return listIterator(); } public ListIterator<E> listIterator(final int index) { checkForComodification(); rangeCheckForAdd(index); final int offset = this.offset; return new ListIterator<E>() { int cursor = index; int lastRet = -1; int expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; public boolean hasNext() { return cursor != SubList.this.size; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E next() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor; if (i >= SubList.this.size) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (offset + i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i + 1; return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)]; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return cursor != 0; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public E previous() { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor - 1; if (i < 0) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (offset + i >= elementData.length) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); cursor = i; return (E) elementData[offset + (lastRet = i)]; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) { Objects.requireNonNull(consumer); final int size = SubList.this.size; int i = cursor; if (i >= size) { return; } final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData; if (offset + i >= elementData.length) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) { consumer.accept((E) elementData[offset + (i++)]); } // update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic lastRet = cursor = i; checkForComodification(); } public int nextIndex() { return cursor; } public int previousIndex() { return cursor - 1; } public void remove() { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { SubList.this.remove(lastRet); cursor = lastRet; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } public void set(E e) { if (lastRet < 0) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); try { ArrayList.this.set(offset + lastRet, e); } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } public void add(E e) { checkForComodification(); try { int i = cursor; SubList.this.add(i, e); cursor = i + 1; lastRet = -1; expectedModCount = ArrayList.this.modCount; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } final void checkForComodification() { if (expectedModCount != ArrayList.this.modCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } }; } public List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { subListRangeCheck(fromIndex, toIndex, size); return new SubList(this, offset, fromIndex, toIndex); } private void rangeCheck(int index) { if (index < 0 || index >= this.size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { if (index < 0 || index > this.size) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+this.size; } private void checkForComodification() { if (ArrayList.this.modCount != this.modCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } public Spliterator<E> spliterator() { checkForComodification(); return new ArrayListSpliterator<E>(ArrayList.this, offset, offset + this.size, this.modCount); } } @Override public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) { Objects.requireNonNull(action); final int expectedModCount = modCount; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final E[] elementData = (E[]) this.elementData; final int size = this.size; for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i < size; i++) { action.accept(elementData[i]); } if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } @Override public Spliterator<E> spliterator() { return new ArrayListSpliterator<>(this, 0, -1, 0); } static final class ArrayListSpliterator<E> implements Spliterator<E> { private final ArrayList<E> list; private int index; // current index, modified on advance/split private int fence; // -1 until used; then one past last index private int expectedModCount; // initialized when fence set /** Create new spliterator covering the given range */ ArrayListSpliterator(ArrayList<E> list, int origin, int fence, int expectedModCount) { this.list = list; // OK if null unless traversed this.index = origin; this.fence = fence; this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount; } private int getFence() { // initialize fence to size on first use int hi; // (a specialized variant appears in method forEach) ArrayList<E> lst; if ((hi = fence) < 0) { if ((lst = list) == null) hi = fence = 0; else { expectedModCount = lst.modCount; hi = fence = lst.size; } } return hi; } public ArrayListSpliterator<E> trySplit() { int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1; return (lo >= mid) ? null : // divide range in half unless too small new ArrayListSpliterator<E>(list, lo, index = mid, expectedModCount); } public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super E> action) { if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException(); int hi = getFence(), i = index; if (i < hi) { index = i + 1; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E)list.elementData[i]; action.accept(e); if (list.modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); return true; } return false; } public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) { int i, hi, mc; // hoist accesses and checks from loop ArrayList<E> lst; Object[] a; if (action == null) throw new NullPointerException(); if ((lst = list) != null && (a = lst.elementData) != null) { if ((hi = fence) < 0) { mc = lst.modCount; hi = lst.size; } else mc = expectedModCount; if ((i = index) >= 0 && (index = hi) <= a.length) { for (; i < hi; ++i) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) a[i]; action.accept(e); } if (lst.modCount == mc) return; } } throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } public long estimateSize() { return (long) (getFence() - index); } public int characteristics() { return Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED; } } @Override public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter) { Objects.requireNonNull(filter); // figure out which elements are to be removed // any exception thrown from the filter predicate at this stage // will leave the collection unmodified int removeCount = 0; final BitSet removeSet = new BitSet(size); final int expectedModCount = modCount; final int size = this.size; for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i < size; i++) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") final E element = (E) elementData[i]; if (filter.test(element)) { removeSet.set(i); removeCount++; } } if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } // shift surviving elements left over the spaces left by removed elements final boolean anyToRemove = removeCount > 0; if (anyToRemove) { final int newSize = size - removeCount; for (int i=0, j=0; (i < size) && (j < newSize); i++, j++) { i = removeSet.nextClearBit(i); elementData[j] = elementData[i]; } for (int k=newSize; k < size; k++) { elementData[k] = null; // Let gc do its work } this.size = newSize; if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } modCount++; } return anyToRemove; } @Override @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) { Objects.requireNonNull(operator); final int expectedModCount = modCount; final int size = this.size; for (int i=0; modCount == expectedModCount && i < size; i++) { elementData[i] = operator.apply((E) elementData[i]); } if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } modCount++; } @Override @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) { final int expectedModCount = modCount; Arrays.sort((E[]) elementData, 0, size, c); if (modCount != expectedModCount) { throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } modCount++; }

总结一下： 1）. ArrayList实际上是通过一个数组去保存数据的，当我们构造ArrayList时，如果使用默认构造函数，最后ArrayList的默认容量大小是10。 2）. 当ArrayList容量不足以容纳全部元素时，ArrayList会自动扩张容量，新的容量 = 原始容量 + 原始容量 / 2。 3）. ArrayList的克隆函数，即是将全部元素克隆到一个数组中。 4. ArrayList实现java.io.Serializable的方式。当写入到输出流时，先写入“容量”，再依次写出“每一个元素”；当读出输入流时，先读取“容量”，再依次读取“每一个元素”。