028文件：因为懂你，所以永恒

>>> f = open('E:\\zetianji.txt') >>> f <_io.TextIOWrapper name='E:\\zetianji.txt' mode='r' encoding='cp936'> >>> #f.read()读取 >>> f.read(5) '\n《择天记' >>> f.tell()#返回当前文件中的位置 10 >>> lines = list(f) >>> for each_line in lines:     print(each_line)# 效率很低 >>> for each_line in f:     print(each_line)#高效率 >>> f.write('I love you') Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#17>", line 1, in <module>     f.write('I love you') io.UnsupportedOperation: not writable >>> f = open('E:\\test.txt','w') >>> f.write('我爱鱼C工作室') 7 >>> f.close()

029文件：一个任务

030文件系统：介绍一个高大上的东西

>>> import random >>> secret = random.randint(1,10) >>> secret 8 >>> import os >>> os.getcwd() 'D:\\xiaojiayu' >>> os.listdir('D:\\xiaojiayu') ['009_example1.py', '009_example2.py', '019_test1.py', '029test_1.py', '029test_2.py', 'boy_1.txt', 'boy_2.txt', 'boy_3.txt', 'fabnoncii.py', 'fabnoncii2.py', 'factorial.py', 'girl_1.txt', 'girl_2.txt', 'girl_3.txt', 'hanol.py', 'method1.py', 'method2.py', 'method3.py', 'record.txt', 'wordgame_1.py'] >>> os.system('clac') 1 >>> #打开计算机 >>> os.curdir#指代当前目录 '.' >>> os.listdir(os.curdir) ['009_example1.py', '009_example2.py', '019_test1.py', '029test_1.py', '029test_2.py', 'boy_1.txt', 'boy_2.txt', 'boy_3.txt', 'fabnoncii.py', 'fabnoncii2.py', 'factorial.py', 'girl_1.txt', 'girl_2.txt', 'girl_3.txt', 'hanol.py', 'method1.py', 'method2.py', 'method3.py', 'record.txt', 'wordgame_1.py'] >>> os.name 'nt' >>> os.path.basename('D:\\xiaojiayu') 'xiaojiayu' >>> os.path.basename('D:\\xiaojiayu\\009_example2.py')#去掉路径，返回当前文件名 '009_example2.py' >>> os.path.dirname('D:\\xiaojiayu\\009_example2.py')#去掉文件名，返回当前路径 'D:\\xiaojiayu' >>> os.path.join('D:\\''A', 'B', 'c')#将path1、pah2组合为一个文件名 'D:\\A\\B\\c' >>> os.path.split('D:\\xiaojiayu\\009_example2.py')#分离路径和文件名 ('D:\\xiaojiayu', '009_example2.py') >>> os.path.splitext('D:\\xiaojiayu\\009_example2.py')#分离文件名和扩展名 ('D:\\xiaojiayu\\009_example2', '.py') >>> os.path.getatime('D:\\xiaojiayu\\girl_2.txt') 1499653732.271157 >>> import time >>> time.gmtime(os.path.getatime('D:\\xiaojiayu\\girl_2.txt')) time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=2, tm_min=28, tm_sec=52, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=191, tm_isdst=0) >>> time.localtime(os.path.getatime('D:\\xiaojiayu\\girl_2.txt')) time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=10, tm_hour=10, tm_min=28, tm_sec=52, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=191, tm_isdst=0)

031永久存储：腌制一缸美味的泡菜

>>> import pickle >>> my_list = [123, 3.14, '小甲鱼', ['another list']] >>> pickle_file = open('my_list.pkl', 'wb') >>> pickle.dump(my_list,pickle_file) >>> pickle_file.close() >>> pickle_file = open('my_list.pkl', 'rb')#打开 >>> my_list2 = pickle.load(pickle_file) >>> print(my_list2) [123, 3.14, '小甲鱼', ['another list']]

032异常处理：你不可能总是对的

>>> my_list = ['小甲鱼是帅哥'] >>> assert len(my_list)> 0 >>> my_list.pop() '小甲鱼是帅哥' >>> assert len(my_list)> 0 #assert断言语句失败 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#59>", line 1, in <module> assert len(my_list)> 0 #assert断言语句失败 AssertionError >>> >>> my_list = [1,2,3] >>> my_list[2] 3 >>> my_list[3] Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#62>", line 1, in <module>     my_list[3] IndexError: list index out of range >>> my_dict = {'one':1,'two': 2, 'three': 3} >>> my_dict['one'] 1 >>> my_dict['four'] Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#68>", line 1, in <module>     my_dict['four'] KeyError: 'four' >>> my_dict.get('four')

033异常处理：你不可能总是对的2

try-except语句：

try：

    检测范围

except Exception[as reason]:

    出现异常后的处理代码

#f = open('我为什么是一个文件.txt')当这个txt不存在时，FileNotFoundError #print(f.read()) #f.close() try: f = open('我为什么是一个文件.txt') print(f.read()) f.close() except OSError: print('文件出错啦！') try:     f = open('我为什么是一个文件.txt')     print(f.read())     f.close() except OSError as reason:     print('文件出错啦！\n错误的原因是：' + str(reason)) 文件出错啦！ 错误的原因是：[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '我为什么是一个文件.txt' try:     sum = 1 + '1'     f = open('我为什么是一个文件.txt')     print(f.read())     f.close() except OSError as reason:     print('文件出错啦！\n错误的原因是：' + str(reason))      except TypeError as reason:     print('类型出错啦！\n错误的原因是：' + str(reason)) #两个print error只打印最后一个！ 类型出错啦！ 错误的原因是：unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str' try-finally语句：

try：

    检测范围

except Exception[as reason]:

    出现异常后的处理代码

finally：

    无论如何都会被执行的代码

try: f = open('我为什么是一个文件.txt') print(f.write('我存在了！')) sum = 1 + '1' f.close() except OSError as reason: print('文件出错啦！\n错误的原因是：' + str(reason)) except TypeError as reason: print('类型出错啦！\n错误的原因是：' + str(reason)) 文件出错啦！ 错误的原因是：[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '我为什么是一个文件.txt' try:     f = open('我为什么是一个文件.txt','w')     print(f.write('我存在了！'))     sum = 1 + '1' except OSError as reason:     print('文件出错啦！\n错误的原因是：' + str(reason))      except TypeError as reason:     print('类型出错啦！\n错误的原因是：' + str(reason)) finally:     f.close() 5 类型出错啦！ 错误的原因是：unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str' raise语句

>>> 1/0 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#73>", line 1, in <module> 1/0 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero >>> raise ZeroDivisionError Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#74>", line 1, in <module> raise ZeroDivisionError ZeroDivisionError >>> raise ZeroDivisionError('除数为零的异常') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#76>", line 1, in <module> raise ZeroDivisionError('除数为零的异常') ZeroDivisionError: 除数为零的异常034 丰富的else和简洁的with语句

def showMaxFactor(num): count = num // 2 while count > 1: if num % count == 0: print('%d最大的约数是%d' % (num,count)) break count -= 1 else: print('%d是素数！' % num) num = int(input('请输入一个数：')) showMaxFactor(num) 请输入一个数：11 11是素数！ try:     int('abc') except ValueError as reason:     print('出错啦：' + str(reason)) 出错啦：invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc' try:     print(int('123')) except ValueError as reason:     print('出错啦：' + str(reason)) else:     print('没有任何异常！') 123 没有任何异常！ with语句

try: f = open('data.txt', 'w') for each_line in f: print(each_line) except OSError as reason: print('出错啦：' + str(reason)) finally: f.close() 出错啦：not readable try:     with open('data.txt', 'w') as f:         for each_line in f:             print(each_line) except OSError as reason:     print('出错啦：' + str(reason)) 出错啦：not readable

035图形用户界面入门：EasyGui

036 类和对象：给大家介绍对象

        对象=属性【静态】+方法【动态】

class Turtle:# Python中的类名约定以大写字母开头 """关于类的一个简单例子""" #属性 color = 'green' weight = 10 legs = 4 shell = True mouth = '大腿' #方法 def climb(self): print('我正在很努力的向前爬。。。') def run(self): print('我正在飞快的向前跑。。。') def bite(self): print('咬死你咬死你！') def eat(self): print('有的吃，真满足') def sleep(self): print('困了，睡了，晚安，Zzzz') >>> tt = Turtle() >>> Turtle() <__main__.Turtle object at 0x0213D0F0> >>> tt.climb() 我正在很努力的向前爬。。。 >>> tt.bite() 咬死你咬死你！ >>> tt.sleep() 困了，睡了，晚安，Zzzz >>> oo的特征：Object Oriented面向对象

>>> list1 = [2, 1, 7, 5, 3] >>> list1.sort() >>> list1 [1, 2, 3, 5, 7] >>> list1.append(9) >>> list1 [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9] >>> #第一点封装、第二点继承 >>> class MyList(list): pass >>> list2 = MyList() >>> list2.append(5) >>> list2.append(3) >>> list2 [5, 3] >>> list2.sort() >>> list <class 'list'> >>> list2 [3, 5] >>> #第三点为多态 >>> #第三点为多态 >>> class A:     def fun(self):         print("我是小A") >>> class B:     def fun(self):         print('我是小B')          >>> a = A() >>> b = B() >>> a.fun() 我是小A >>> b.fun() 我是小B

037类和对象：面向对象的编程

        self是什么？相当于C++中this指针，

>>> class Ball: def setName(self, name): self.name = name def kick(self): print('我叫%s，别提我。。' % self.name) >>> a = Ball() >>> a.setName('球A') >>> b = Ball() >>> b.setName('球B') >>> c = Ball() >>> c.setName('土豆') >>> a.kick() 我叫球A，别提我。。 >>> c.kick() 我叫土豆，别提我。。 魔方方法：__init__(self)

>>> class Ball: def __init__(self, name): self.name = name def kick(self): print('我叫%s，别提我' % self.name) >>> b = Ball('土豆') >>> b.kick() 我叫土豆，别提我公有和私有？

        在python中定义私有变量只需在变量名或函数名前加上“_”两个下划线，这个函数就私有。_类名__变量名

>>> class Person: name = '小甲鱼' >>> p = Person() >>> p.name '小甲鱼' >>> class Person:     __name = '小甲鱼'      >>> p = Person() >>> p.__name Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#77>", line 1, in <module>     p.__name AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute '__name' >>> p.name Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#78>", line 1, in <module>     p.name AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute 'name' >>> class Person:     __name = '小甲鱼'     def getName(self):         return self.__name      >>> p = Person() >>> p.__name Traceback (most recent call last):   File "<pyshell#85>", line 1, in <module>     p.__name AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute '__name' >>> p.getName() '小甲鱼'