下面演示默认的single和Prototype,分别从Spring 容器中获得2次Bean,判断Bean的实例是否相等
下面编写一个singleton的bean,代码如下:
package jack.ch2.scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/9. */ //默认为Sinleton,相当于@Scope("singleton") @Service public class DemoSingletonService { }
下面编写一个prototype的bean:
package jack.ch2.scope; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/9. */ @Service @Scope("prototype") public class DemoPrototypeService { }
下面是配置类:
package jack.ch2.scope; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/9. */ @Configuration @ComponentScan("jack.ch2.scope") public class ScopConfig { } 下面是测试主类:
package jack.ch2.scope; import jack.ch1.bean.JavaConfig; import jack.ch1.bean.UseFunctionService; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /** * Created by wj on 2017/7/09. */ public class MainTest4 { public static void main(String [] args){ //AnnotationConfigApplicationContext作为spring容器,接受一个配置类作为参数 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ScopConfig.class); DemoSingletonService s1 = context.getBean(DemoSingletonService.class); DemoSingletonService s2 = context.getBean(DemoSingletonService.class); DemoPrototypeService p1 = context.getBean(DemoPrototypeService.class); DemoPrototypeService p2 = context.getBean(DemoPrototypeService.class); System.out.println("s1与s2是否相等:"+s1.equals(s2)); System.out.println("p1与p2是否相等:"+p1.equals(p2)); context.close(); } }
运行测试程序,测试结果如下:
示例:
1,准备,增加commons-io可简化文件相关的操作,本例使用commons-io将file转换成字符串:
<!--增加commons-io可简化文件相关操作--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> </dependency>
在
jack.ch2.el包下新建test.txt,内容随意
test.txt比如内容如下:
这是test.txt里面的内容,随便写点啥吧
在jack.ch2.el包下新建test.properties,内容如下:
book.author=jack book.name=no book name
注意,我是使用IDEA开发的,上面两个文件其实是放在resources目录下:
2,需被注入的bean
package jack.ch2.el; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/9. */ @Service public class DemoService { //注入普通字符串 @Value("其他类属性") private String another; public String getAnother() { return another; } public void setAnother(String another) { this.another = another; } }
3,配置类:
package jack.ch2.el; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource; import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer; import org.springframework.core.env.Environment; import org.springframework.core.io.Resource; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/9. */ @Configuration @ComponentScan("jack.ch2.el") //注入配置文件需要使用@PropertySource指定文件地址,若使用@Value注入,则要配置一个PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer的bean //注意,@ @Value("${book.name}")使用的是$而不是# //注入Properties还可以从Environment中获得 @PropertySource("classpath:jack/ch2/el/test.properties") public class ElConfig { //注入普通字符串 @Value("I Love YOU ROLE!") private String normal; //注入操作系统属性 @Value("#{systemProperties['os.name']}") private String osName; //注入表达式结果 @Value("#{T(java.lang.Math).random()*100.0}") private double randomNumber; //注入其他的bean属性 @Value("#{demoService.another}") private String fromAnother; //注入文件资源 @Value("classpath:jack/ch2/el/test.txt") private Resource testFile; //注入网址资源 @Value("http://www.baidu.com") private Resource testUrl; //注入配置文件 @Value("${book.name}") private String bookNmame; //注入环境 @Autowired private Environment environment; @Bean public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertyConfigure(){ return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer(); } public void outputResource(){ try { System.out.println(normal); System.out.println(osName); System.out.println(randomNumber); System.out.println(fromAnother); System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(testFile.getInputStream())); System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(testUrl.getInputStream())); System.out.println(bookNmame); System.out.println(environment.getProperty("book.author")); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println(e); } } }
测试程序如下:
package jack.ch2.el; import jack.ch2.scope.DemoPrototypeService; import jack.ch2.scope.DemoSingletonService; import jack.ch2.scope.ScopConfig; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/09. */ public class MainTest5 { public static void main(String [] args){ //AnnotationConfigApplicationContext作为spring容器,接受一个配置类作为参数 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ElConfig.class); ElConfig elConfig = context.getBean(ElConfig.class); elConfig.outputResource(); context.close(); } }
测试结果如下:
pom.xml的配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.jack</groupId> <artifactId>springstudy1</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!--定义属性--> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <!--添加依赖--> <dependencies> <!--添加spring框架依赖包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--spring的aop支持--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--aspectj支持--> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId> <version>1.8.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.5</version> </dependency> <!--增加commons-io可简化文件相关操作--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <!--添加插件--> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> <configuration> <source>${java.version}</source> <target>${java.version}</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
1)java配置方式:使用@Bean的initMethod和destroyMethod(相当于xml配置的init-method和destory-method)
2)注解方式:利用JSR-250的@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy
1,增加JSR250支持:
<!--增加JSR250支持--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId> <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> </dependency> 2,使用@Bean形式的bean
package jack.ch2.prepost; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/10. * 使用@Bean形式的Bean初始化和销毁方法 */ public class BeanWayService { //构造函数之后执行 public void init() { System.out.println("@Bean-init-method"); } //构造函数 public BeanWayService() { super(); System.out.println("初始化构造函数-BeanWayService"); } //bean销毁之前执行 public void destroy() { System.out.println("@Bean-destroy-method"); } }
3,使用JSR250形式的bean:
package jack.ch2.prepost; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; import javax.annotation.PreDestroy; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/10. */ public class JSR250WayService { //注解方式,注解初始化方法,在构造函数之后执行 @PostConstruct public void init(){ System.out.println("jsr250-init-method"); } //构造函数 public JSR250WayService() { System.out.println("初始化构造函数-JSR250WayService"); } //注解方法,注解销毁方法,在bean销毁之前执行 @PreDestroy public void destroy(){ System.out.println("jsr250-destroy-method"); } }
4,配置类
package jack.ch2.prepost; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/10. * bean 的初始化和销毁的java配置 */ @Configuration //@ComponentScan("com.jack.ch2.prepost") public class PrePostConfig { //initMethod和destroyMethod指定BeanWayService类的init和destroy方法在构造之后,bean销毁之前执行 @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy") public BeanWayService beanWayService(){ return new BeanWayService(); } @Bean public JSR250WayService jsr250WayService(){ return new JSR250WayService(); } }
5,测试方法如下:
package jack.ch2.prepost; import jack.ch2.el.ElConfig; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/09. */ public class MainTest6 { public static void main(String [] args){ //AnnotationConfigApplicationContext作为spring容器,接受一个配置类作为参数 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PrePostConfig.class); //initMethod和destroyMethod指定 BeanWayService beanWayService = context.getBean(BeanWayService.class); JSR250WayService jsr250WayService = context.getBean(JSR250WayService.class); context.close(); } }
运行程序,输入如下:
可见init方法和destory方法在构造方法之后,bean销毁之前执行。
1)通过设定Enviroment的ActiveProfiles来设定当前context需要使用的配置环境。在开发中使用@Profile注解类或者方法,达到在不同情况下选择实例化不同的Bean
2)通过设定jvm的spring.profiles.active参数来设置配置环境
3)Web项目设置在Servlet的context parameter中
下面看一个演示:
定义一个DemoBean类
package jack.ch2.profile; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/10. */ public class DemoBean { private String content; public DemoBean(String content) { super(); this.content = content; } public String getContent() { return content; } public void setContent(String content) { this.content = content; } }
配置Profile
package jack.ch2.profile; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/10. */ @Configuration public class ProfileConfig { @Bean @Profile("dev")//Profile为dev时实例化devDemoBean public DemoBean devDemoBean(){ return new DemoBean("from development pfofile"); } @Bean @Profile("prod")//Profile为prod时实例化prodDemoBean public DemoBean prodDemoBean(){ return new DemoBean("from production profile"); } }
测试程序如下:
package jack.ch2.profile; import jack.ch2.prepost.BeanWayService; import jack.ch2.prepost.JSR250WayService; import jack.ch2.prepost.PrePostConfig; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/09. */ public class MainTest7 { public static void main(String [] args){ //AnnotationConfigApplicationContext作为spring容器,接受一个配置类作为参数 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(); //先将活动的Profile设置为prod context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("prod"); //后置注册Bean配置类,不然会报bean未定义的错误 context.register(ProfileConfig.class); //刷新容器 context.refresh(); DemoBean demoBean = context.getBean(DemoBean.class); System.out.println(demoBean.getContent()); context.close(); } } 运行程序,结果如下:
将context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("prod");设置为context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("dev");效果如下:
spring的事件(Application Event)为Bean与Bean之间的消息通信提供了支持。当一个Bean处理完一个任务之后,希望另外一个Bean知道并能做相应的处理,这时我们就需要让另外一个Bean监听当前Bean所发送的事件。
spring的事件需要遵循如下流程:
1)自定义事件,基础ApplicationEvent
2)定义事件监听器,实现ApplicationListener
3)使用容器发布事件
示例如下:
自定义事件:
package jack.ch2.event; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/11. * 自定义事件,继承ApplicationEvent */ public class DemoEvent extends ApplicationEvent { private String msg; public DemoEvent(Object source,String msg) { super(source); this.msg = msg; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } }
事件监听:
package jack.ch2.event; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/11. * 事件监听,实现ApplicationListener接口,并指定监听的事件类型 */ @Component public class DemoListener implements ApplicationListener<DemoEvent>{ //使用onApplicationEvent方法对消息进行接受处理 @Override public void onApplicationEvent(DemoEvent demoEvent) { String msg = demoEvent.getMsg(); System.out.println("我(bean-demoListener)接收到了bean-demoPublisher发布的消息:"+msg); } }
事件发布类:
package jack.ch2.event; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/11. * 事件发布类 */ @Component public class DemoPublisher { //注入ApplicationContext用来发布事件 @Autowired ApplicationContext applicationContext; public void publish(String msg){ //使用ApplicationContext的publishEvent方法来发布 applicationContext.publishEvent(new DemoEvent(this,msg)); } }
配置类:
package jack.ch2.event; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/11. * 配置类 */ @Configuration @ComponentScan("jack.ch2.event") public class EventConfig { }
测试代码:
package jack.ch2.event; import jack.ch2.profile.DemoBean; import jack.ch2.profile.ProfileConfig; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext; /** * Created by jack on 2017/7/11. */ public class MainTest8 { public static void main(String [] args){ //AnnotationConfigApplicationContext作为spring容器,接受一个配置类作为参数 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(EventConfig.class); DemoPublisher demoPublisher = context.getBean(DemoPublisher.class); demoPublisher.publish("hello application event"); context.close(); } }
运行程序,输出如下:
