- 模块化parametrizeable装置 - 参数化测试函数 - 标记测试功能属性 - Skip和xfail：处理不成功的测试用例 - 通过xdist插件分发测试到多个CPU - 不断的重新运行失败的测试 - 灵活约定的Python测试发现
方法一：
需要有外网，需要先安装python的pip安装工具
pip install -U pytest安装成功判断方法：
windows:
C:\Users\27231>pytest --version This is pytest version 3.0.7, imported from D:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pytest -3.0.7-py2.7.egg\pytest.pycLinux:
$ pytest --version This is pytest version 3.0.7, imported from $PYTHON_PREFIX/lib/python3.5/site- ˓→packages/pytest.py方法二：
由于公司内无法直接访问外网，故给出，离线安装放法；离线安装需要下载pytest的安装包及其两个依赖库 colorama、py
对应下载链接如下： pytest： https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pytest colorama: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/colorama py: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/py
三个包安装先后顺序为： colorama ，py ， pytest
安装方式： 注意：windows下若python未计入环境变量，请先将其加入环境变量
windows使用cmd，Linux直接切到指定包对应的目录 Y:\接口自动化测试\安装包\pytest包\colorama-0.3.9\colorama-0.3.9>python setup.py install1）如下为对一个函数测试的简单用例：
# content of test_sample.py def func(x): return x + 1 def test_answer(): assert func(3) == 5通过pytest执行用例方法及结果如下
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac>pytest ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 2.7.5, pytest-3.0.7, py-1.4.33, pluggy-0.4.0 metadata: {'Python': '2.7.5', 'Platform': 'Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1', 'Packages': {'py': '1.4.33', 'pytest': '3.0.7', 'pluggy': '0.4.0'}, 'JAVA_HOM E': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Java\\jdk1.6.0_10', 'Plugins': {'rerunfailures': '2.1.0', 'html': '1.1', 'metadata': '1.4.0'}} rootdir: C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest, inifile: pytest.ini plugins: metadata-1.4.0, html-1.1, rerunfailures-2.1.0 collected 1 items test_sample.py F generated html file: C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac\report.html ================================== FAILURES =================================== _________________________________ test_answer _________________________________ def test_answer(): > assert func(3) == 5 E assert 4 == 5 E + where 4 = func(3) test_sample.py:5: AssertionError =========================== pytest-warning summary ============================ WI2 build\bdist.win32\egg\pytest_html\plugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method. ================= 1 failed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.04 seconds =================由执行结果看到，pytest失败的测试报告输出，还是很友好的，函数fun（3）的返回值友好的展示在了测试结果中
2）执行方式1）中会执行当前目录及子目录下的所有的test_*.py 或者 *_test.py的文件，用例搜集规则为搜集Test开头的类，test开头的函数
看一个通过类进行分组的用例集
class TestClass(object): def test_one(self): x = "this" assert 'h' in x def test_two(self): x = "hello" assert hasattr(x, 'check')通过pytest test_class.py 可指定执行的文件，通过pytest test_class.py::TestClass::test_one 可执行指定的用例，加入 -q参数可使得测试结果只展示必要信息，如：
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac>pytest -q test_sample.py::TestClass::test_two F generated html file: C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac\report.html ================================== FAILURES =================================== _____________________________ TestClass.test_two ______________________________ self = <test_sample.TestClass object at 0x031DA0B0> def test_two(self): x = "hello" > assert hasattr(x, 'check') E AssertionError: assert False E + where False = hasattr('hello', 'check') test_sample.py:9: AssertionError =========================== pytest-warning summary ============================ WI2 build\bdist.win32\egg\pytest_html\plugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method. 1 failed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.04 seconds- python -m pytest […] - pytest […]
1）在第几个测试用例失败后，停止测试
pytest -x # 出现第一个用例执行失败时即停止测试 pytest --maxfail=2 # 在有两个用例执行失败时停止测试 pytest filename --full-trace #跟踪用例执行的完整过程 pytest filename --durations=10 #获取执行最慢的10个用例 pytest filename --rerun=5 #失败用例重复执行5次 pytest filename --html=report.html #输出html报告 pytest filename -m high #指定执行high标识的用例2）指定执行测试范围
pytest test_mod.py # 执行指定文件下的测试 pytest somepath # 执行指定目录下及其子目录下的所有测试文件 pytest -k stringexpr # only run tests with names that match the # "string expression", e.g. "MyClass and not method" # will select TestMyClass.test_something # but not TestMyClass.test_method_simple pytest test_mod.py::test_func # 只运行指定模块下的用例test_func, # e.g. "test_mod.py::test_func" will select # only test_func in test_mod.py pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method # 执行指定文件下指定类中的用例test_method通过python代码直接调用执行pytest
pytest。main() # 相当于命令行直接pytest pytest.main(['-q','test_sample.py'], plugins=[MyPlugin()]) # 第一个为pytest执行参数，第二个为pytest执行时需要使用的插件1）python支持通过python的标准语句assert来验证期望值与实际值是否一致
example_one:
# content of test_sample.py def tanzi(): return 3 def test_tanzi(): assert tanzi() == 4执行结果如下：
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac>pytest -q test_sample.py F generated html file: C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac\report.html ================================== FAILURES =================================== _________________________________ test_tanzi __________________________________ def test_tanzi(): > assert tanzi() == 4 E assert 3 == 4 E + where 3 = tanzi() test_sample.py:5: AssertionError =========================== pytest-warning summary ============================ WI2 build\bdist.win32\egg\pytest_html\plugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method. 1 failed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.03 seconds由失败用例的测试报告中可看到，pytest支持展示常见子表达式的值，包括调用、属性、比较，以及二进制和单目运算符
2）异常类断言 通过pytest.raises可断言python中的异常断言
example:
import pytest def test_zero_division(): with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError): 1/0有时候还要确认异常中一些更为具体的异常信息，可按如下方式实现
def test_recursion_depth(): with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo: def f(): f() f() assert 'maximum recursion' in str(excinfo.value)excinfo 是一个Exceptioninfo的一个实例，它是实际异常的一个装饰器，其主要属性包括 .type, .value 和 .traceback
3）定义自己的断言比较式
pytest可通过pytest_assertrepr_compare(config, op, left, right)来构造自己的断言失败展示信息
# content of conftest.py from test_sample import Foo def pytest_assertrepr_compare(op, left, right): if isinstance(left, Foo) and isinstance(right, Foo) and op == "==": return ['Comparing Foo instances:', ' vals: %s != %s' % (left.val, right.val)] # content of test_sample.py class Foo: def __init__(self, val): self.val = val def __eq__(self, other): return self.val == other.val def test_compare(): f1 = Foo(1) f2 = Foo(2) assert f1 == f2f2 = Foo(2)时用例断言失败，输出结果为
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac>pytest -q test_sample.py F generated html file: C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac\report.html ================================== FAILURES =================================== ________________________________ test_compare _________________________________ def test_compare(): f1 = Foo(1) f2 = Foo(2) > assert f1 == f2 E assert Comparing Foo instances: E vals: 1 != 2 test_sample.py:10: AssertionError =========================== pytest-warning summary ============================ WI2 build\bdist.win32\egg\pytest_html\plugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method. 1 failed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.03 seconds若将f2改为 f2 = Foo(1)，断言结果为pass,则对应的自定义错误信息也不会打印执行
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac>pytest -q test_sample.py . generated html file: C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pytest\myprac\report.html =========================== pytest-warning summary ============================ WI2 build\bdist.win32\egg\pytest_html\plugin.py:25 use pluginmanager.add_hookspecs instead of deprecated addhooks() method. 1 passed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.01 seconds