本文主要是论述CppUnit在C++项目中的应用，如何使用该单元测试，以及如何生成和查看测试报告和覆盖率报告。
[b]1.CppUnit 的安装。[/b]
本文以在Ubuntu下开发C++项目为例。
首先，读者需要选好速度较好的源去download一些应用程序，本文主要使用到gcc,cppunit，所以读者可以使用下面的命令去安装，使用[i]sudo -i[/i]切换到root账户。
使用apt-cache search gcc 和apt-cache search cppunit去查看当前源中是否存在gcc,cppunit的应用程序。然后使用apt-get install gcc,cppunit去安装。如果依赖其他应用或者程序包，请相应下载。
[b]2.简单应用的设计。[/b]
设计一个简单的计算器的类，能够进行加减乘除运算。头文件 Calculator.h 如下:
#include <string>#include <stdexcept>#include <cppunit/portability/Stream.h>#ifndef CALCULATOR_H_#define CALCULATOR_H_class DivideByZeroException : public std::runtime_error{public: DivideByZeroException() : std::runtime_error( "Divide By Zero Exception" ) { }};class Calculator {public: Calculator(); virtual ~Calculator(); const double add(const double &a, const double &b) ; const double subtract(const double &a, const double &b); const double multiply(const double &a,const double &b); const double divide(const double &a,const double &b);};#endif /* CALCULATOR_H_ */
实现该类 Calculator.cpp。
#include "Calculator.h"Calculator::Calculator() {}Calculator::~Calculator() {}const double Calculator::add(const double &a, const double &b) { return a + b;}const double Calculator::subtract(const double &a, const double &b) { return a - b;}const double Calculator::multiply(const double &a, const double &b) { return a * b;}const double Calculator::divide(const double &a, const double &b) { if(b <=0.000001) { throw DivideByZeroException(); } return a / b;}
接下来是书写测试代码,CalculatorTest.h
#ifndef CALCULATORTEST_H#define CALCULATORTEST_H#include <cppunit/extensions/HelperMacros.h>#include <cppunit/TestFixture.h>/*#include "MyTest.h"*/#include "Calculator.h"/*class CalculatorTest : public MyTest*/class CalculatorTest : public CPPUNIT_NS::TestCase{ /*CPPUNIT_TEST_SUB_SUITE( CalculatorTest, MyTest);*/ CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE( CalculatorTest ); CPPUNIT_TEST( testAdd ); CPPUNIT_TEST( testSubtract ); CPPUNIT_TEST( testMultiply ); CPPUNIT_TEST( testDivide); CPPUNIT_TEST_EXCEPTION( testDivideByZero, DivideByZeroException ); CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_END();public: /* Initial something here, e.g, instance the Calculator.*/ void setUp(); /* destory something here, e.g, destory the Calculator instance.*/ void tearDown(); /* test method to test add function.*/ void testAdd(); /* test method to test subtract function.*/ void testSubtract(); /* test method to test multiply function.*/ void testMultiply(); /* test method to test divide function,but the divisor is not zero.*/ void testDivide(); /* test method to test divide function,but the divisor is zero.*/ void testDivideByZero();private: Calculator *calculator;};#endif
之后是测试代码的实现，CalculatorTest.cpp
#include <cppunit/config/SourcePrefix.h>#include "Calculator.h"#include "CalculatorTest.h"CPPUNIT_TEST_SUITE_REGISTRATION( CalculatorTest );voidCalculatorTest::setUp(){ std::cout<<"\nSetup()"; calculator = new Calculator;}voidCalculatorTest::tearDown(){ std::cout<<"->tearDown()\n"; delete calculator;}voidCalculatorTest::testAdd(){ double a = 2.0; double b = 3.0; const double result = calculator->add(a,b); CPPUNIT_ASSERT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 5.0, result, 0.1 );}voidCalculatorTest::testSubtract(){ double a = 5.0; double b = 3.0; const double result = calculator->subtract(a,b); CPPUNIT_ASSERT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 2.0, result, 0.1 );}voidCalculatorTest::testMultiply(){ double a = 5.0; double b = 3.0; const double result = calculator->multiply(a,b); CPPUNIT_ASSERT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 15.0, result, 0.1 );}voidCalculatorTest::testDivide(){ double a = 5.0; double b = 3.0; const double result = calculator->divide(a,b); CPPUNIT_ASSERT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 1.667, result, 0.1 );}voidCalculatorTest::testDivideByZero(){ double a = 5.0; double b = 0.0; try { const double result = calculator->divide(a,b); } catch(DivideByZeroException e) { throw; }}
程序入口代码 Main.cpp
#include <cppunit/BriefTestProgressListener.h>#include <cppunit/CompilerOutputter.h>#include <cppunit/extensions/TestFactoryRegistry.h>#include <cppunit/TestResult.h>#include <cppunit/TestResultCollector.h>#include <cppunit/TestRunner.h>intmain( int argc, char* argv[] ){ // Create the event manager and test controller CPPUNIT_NS::TestResult controller; // Add a listener that colllects test result CPPUNIT_NS::TestResultCollector result; controller.addListener( &result ); // Add a listener that print dots as test run. CPPUNIT_NS::BriefTestProgressListener progress; controller.addListener( &progress ); // Add the top suite to the test runner CPPUNIT_NS::TestRunner runner; runner.addTest( CPPUNIT_NS::TestFactoryRegistry::getRegistry().makeTest() ); runner.run( controller ); // Print test in a compiler compatible format. CPPUNIT_NS::CompilerOutputter outputter( &result, CPPUNIT_NS::stdCOut() ); outputter.write(); return result.wasSuccessful() ? 0 : 1;}
简单的Makefile代码：Makefile
#SRC=Main.cpp ./Calculator.cpp ./CalculatorTest.cppSRC=Main.cpp ./Calculator.cpp ./CalculatorTest.cppCXX=g++CC=gccCXXFLAGS=-I./libflag = -L/usr/local/libLDFLAGS=-lcppunit -lrt -lcurses -ldlTESTFLAG = -ftest-coverage -fprofile-arcsAll:mainmain: $(SRC) $(CXX) -g -o $@ $(CXXFLAGS) ${libflag} $(LDFLAGS) $(SRC) -pg ${TESTFLAG}clean: rm -f *.o main
运行make命令，生成可执行和程序main,
使用下列命令执行程序 [i]./main[/i]
结果如下:
CalculatorTest::testAddSetup()->tearDown() : OKCalculatorTest::testSubtractSetup()->tearDown() : OKCalculatorTest::testMultiplySetup()->tearDown() : OKCalculatorTest::testDivideSetup()->tearDown() : OKCalculatorTest::testDivideByZeroSetup()->tearDown() : OKOK (5)
我会继续完善,有些地方还不好的
相关资源：cppunit在linux下的安装配置及测试
