最近学STM32,用来丰富一下生活,一个四线1602搞得一星期,对自己的智商也是醉了。填坑开始!
用的是HAL库编写的,仅仅在ODR寄存器使用了一点寄存器操作,其余全是HAL函数。
硬件接口如下:
RS PA0
R/W PA1
EN PA4
数据口D4-D7 PB4-PB7
PB11和PB14使用了两个指示灯,用来在while函数里显示系统正在运行;
V0口接一个10K的电位器,连接到板子的GND,用来调节对比度。其实之前自己也在这里跳坑了,明明显示屏已经显示出字符串了,可对比度太高了,一片白,没看出来,所以对着源码调试了好久,做了太多无用功,偶然的一次,钛合金狗眼发作,隐隐约约看出来了文字,心中出了一口长气。
然而好景不长,接着就出现了乱码的问题,只能显示部分,也就是下面的解决方法了。
现在说说里面另外需要填坑的地方,之前乱码出现的问题主要是在LCD初始化的过程中。
在LCD1602_INIT()函数中,用四线时,1602的初始化只需要高四位数据就可以完成,在初始化完成之后必须再传入四位数据,执行完“write_com(0x28);”之后液晶已经初始化,其实在执行了一半的时候就已经初始化完成,此时又传入了四位数据(一个写语句会传入8位数据),这时候如果直接写数据的话,就会形成乱码,所以需要两次功能性初始化。
源代码贴在下面了,
主函数如下:
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h" #include "stm32f1xx_hal.h" #include "gpio.h" #include "1602.h" void SystemClock_Config(void); int main(void) { unsigned char dat[]={"thank you for your waiting!"}; HAL_Init(); SystemClock_Config(); MX_GPIO_Init(); LCD1602_INIT(); lcd1602_show_string(0,0,dat); while (1) { HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_11); HAL_Delay(1000); HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_14); HAL_Delay(1000); } } /** System Clock Configuration */ void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct; RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct; /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks */ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) { _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__); } /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks */ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1; if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK) { _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__); } /**Configure the Systick interrupt time */ HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000); /**Configure the Systick */ HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK); /* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */ HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0); } /** * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. * @param None * @retval None */ void _Error_Handler(char * file, int line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */ while(1) { } /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ } #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /** * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number * where the assert_param error has occurred. * @param file: pointer to the source file name * @param line: assert_param error line source number * @retval None */ void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */ /* USER CODE END 6 */ } #endif /** * @} */ /** * @} */ /************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
GPIO设置子程序如下,
#include "gpio.h" void MX_GPIO_Init(void) { GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */ __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE(); __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE(); __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE(); /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, R_W_Pin|RS_Pin|EN_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET); /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */ HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3|GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7, GPIO_PIN_RESET); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_14, GPIO_PIN_RESET); /*Configure GPIO pins : PAPin PAPin PAPin */ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = R_W_Pin|RS_Pin|EN_Pin; GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH; HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct); /*Configure GPIO pins : PB4 PB5 PB6 PB7 PB11 PB14*/ GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4|GPIO_PIN_5|GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7|GPIO_PIN_11|GPIO_PIN_14; GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH; HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct); }
LCD显示模块函数如下,
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h" #include "1602.h" #include "stm32f103xb.h" //实际测试可用任意IO读写LCD1602//系统时钟72MHz ///4线LCD1602 //函数名: LCD1602_INIT //函数功能:LCD1602初始化 //说明:用四线时,1602的初始化只需要高四位数据就可以完成,在初始化完成之后必须再传入四位数据,需注意。 // 执行完write_com(0x28);之后液晶已经初始化,其实在执行了一半的时候就已经初始化完成,此时又传入了 // 四位数据(一个写语句会传入8位数据),这时候如果直接写数据的话,就会形成乱码 //注释: DATA可以是指令或者数据 void LCD1602_INIT(void) { HAL_Delay(200); //等待液晶供电稳定200ms write_com(0x28);//4位数据总线模式,显示2行数据,5*10点阵每字符 0X38为8位数据模式, 显示2行数据,5*10点阵每字符 HAL_Delay(5); E_H(); E_L(); write_com(0x28);//4位数据总线模式,显示2行数据,5*10点阵每字符 0X38为8位数据模式, 显示2行数据,5*10点阵每字符 HAL_Delay(5); write_com(0x0c); //开显示,有光标,光标闪烁 HAL_Delay(5); write_com(0x06); //写入数据光标右移,写入新数据显示屏不移动 HAL_Delay(5); write_com(0x01); //清屏 HAL_Delay(5); } //函数名:LCD_1602_READY //函数功能:检测PB7是否为高电平,忙碌状态; //注释: void LCD_1602_READY(void) { uint8_t sta; RS_L(); RW_H(); do { E_H(); HAL_Delay(5); sta = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_7); HAL_Delay(5); E_L(); HAL_Delay(5); } while ( sta & 0x80); } //函数名: LCD1602_Clear_Screen //函数功能:LCD1602清屏 //注释: void LCD1602_Clear_Screen(void) { LCD1602_DATA_write(Write_order,0x01); //清屏 } //函数名: write_com //函数功能:LCD1602写指令 //注释: void write_com(unsigned char dat) { unsigned char j; LCD_1602_READY(); RS_L();//指令 RW_L();//写操作模式 E_L(); for(j=0;j<2;j++) { GPIOB->ODR =(dat&0x00F0); E_H(); HAL_Delay(5); E_L();//允许 dat<<=4; HAL_Delay(5); } } //函数名: write_data //函数功能:LCD1602写数据 //注释: void write_data(unsigned char dat) { unsigned char j; LCD_1602_READY(); RS_H();//数据 RW_L();//写操作模式 E_L(); for(j=0;j<2;j++) { GPIOB->ODR =(dat&0x00F0); E_H(); HAL_Delay(5); E_L(); dat<<=4; HAL_Delay(5); } }
//函数名:lcd1602_write //作用:将数据或者指令写入LCD1602 //注释: void LCD1602_DATA_write(LCD1602_Write_TypeDef order,unsigned char dat) { if(order==Write_data) write_data(dat); else write_com(dat); } //函数名:lcd1602_show_character //作用: 在制定坐标,显示单个字符 void lcd1602_show_character(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char dat) { unsigned char address; x=x; y=y%2; if(y==1) address=0xc0+x; else address=0x80+x; LCD1602_DATA_write(Write_order,address); LCD1602_DATA_write(Write_data,dat); } //函数名:lcd1602_show_number //作用: // 以(X,Y)坐标为起始,显示一个数字(此数字值不能大于4294967295(0xffffffff)) //注释: // 返回数字的显示长度,若改行显示不下,函数自动换行, 显示其余部分 unsigned char lcd1602_show_number(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned short dat) { unsigned short pow=1,instead; unsigned char increase=0,lengh=0; instead=dat; while(instead!=0) { instead=instead/10; increase++; } lengh=increase; if(increase==0) { lcd1602_show_character(x,y,0x30); return 1; } else { for(;increase>1;increase--) pow=pow*10; while(pow!=0) { instead=dat/pow; lcd1602_show_character(x,y,(0x30+instead)); x++; if(((x)==0)&&(x!=0)) { y++; y=y%2; x=x; } dat=dat%pow; pow=pow/10; } } return lengh; } //函数名:lcd1602_show_string //作用: // 以(X,Y)坐标为起始,显示一个字符串 //注释: // 返回数字的显示长度,若改行显示不下,函数自动换行, 显示其余部分,字符长度小于256 unsigned char lcd1602_show_string(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char *dat) { unsigned char lengh=0; while(dat[lengh]!='\0') { if(((x)==0)&&(x!=0)) { y++; y=y%2; x=x; } lcd1602_show_character(x,y,dat[lengh]); x++; lengh++; } return (lengh); } //函数名:lcd1602_show_number //作用: // 以(X,Y)坐标为起始,显示一个数字(此数字值不能大于4294967295(0xffffffff)) //注释: // 返回数字的显示长度,若改行显示不下,函数自动换行, 显示其余部分 unsigned char lcd1602_show_s32(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,short dat) { short pow=1,instead; unsigned char increase=0,lengh=0; if(((dat&0x80000000)==0x80000000)&&(dat!=0xffffffff))//负数 { instead=-dat; y=y%2; lcd1602_show_character(x,y,0x2D);//"-" x++; } else if((dat&0x80000000)!=0x80000000)//正数 { instead=dat; y=y%2; lcd1602_show_character(x,y,0X2B);//"+" x++; } else//0 { instead=0; } dat=instead; while(instead!=0) { instead=instead/10; increase++; } lengh=increase; if(increase==0) { lcd1602_show_character(x,y,0x30); return 1; } else { for(;increase>1;increase--) pow=pow*10; while(pow!=0) { instead=dat/pow; lcd1602_show_character(x,y,(0x30+instead)); x++; if(((x)==0)&&(x!=0)) { y++; y=y%2; //x=x; } dat=dat%pow; pow=pow/10; } } return lengh+1; } LCD头文件就是定义了上面的函数:
#ifndef __1602_H__ #define __1602_H__ typedef enum { Write_data =0X00, Write_order =0x01/*BIT0*/ }LCD1602_Write_TypeDef; #define RW_L() GPIOA->ODR &=~(0x01<<1)//RW=0,PA1 #define RW_H() GPIOA->ODR |=(0x01<<1)//RW=1 #define RS_L() GPIOA->ODR &=~(0x01)//RS=0,PA0 #define RS_H() GPIOA->ODR |=(0x01)//RS=1 #define E_L() GPIOA->ODR &=~(0x01<<4)//E=0,PA4 #define E_H() GPIOA->ODR |=(0x01<<4)//E=1 //函数名: LCD1602_INIT //函数功能:LCD1602初始化 //注释: DATA可以是指令或者数据 void LCD1602_INIT(void); //函数名: LCD1602_Clear_Screen //函数功能:LCD1602清屏 //注释: void LCD1602_Clear_Screen(void); //函数名: write_com //函数功能:LCD1602写指令 //注释: void write_com(unsigned char dat); //函数名: write_data //函数功能:LCD1602写数据 //注释: void write_data(unsigned char dat); //函数名:lcd1602_write //作用:将数据或者指令写入LCD1602 //注释: void LCD1602_DATA_write(LCD1602_Write_TypeDef order,unsigned char dat); //函数名:lcd1602_show_character //作用: 在制定坐标,显示单个字符 void lcd1602_show_character(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char dat); //函数名:lcd1602_show_number //作用: // 以(X,Y)坐标为起始,显示一个数字(此数字值不能大于4294967295(0xffffffff)) //注释: // 返回数字的显示长度,若改行显示不下,函数自动换行, 显示其余部分 unsigned char lcd1602_show_number(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned short dat); //函数名:lcd1602_show_string //作用: // 以(X,Y)坐标为起始,显示一个字符串 //注释: // 返回数字的显示长度,若改行显示不下,函数自动换行, 显示其余部分,字符长度小于256 unsigned char lcd1602_show_string(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char *dat); //显示有符号S32 unsigned char lcd1602_show_s32(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,short dat); //为了适应任意IO驱动LCD1602做的定义 //读忙操作 void LCD_1602_READY(void); //配置GPIO端口 void GPIO_Configuration(void); #endif